Internet / WWW

Index

General

3D

Analítica / Analytics

Aplicacions / Applications

Banda ampla / Broadband

CMS (content management) 

Correu electrònic / E-mail 

Dominis / Domains

Allotjament / Hosting

apps
 manage
 url
 capacitat
 baixada
 comments
Google Drive
 -
https://googledrive.com/host/0B42MQgikjmMwT05OV09ONDR4WkE/

Is it possible to have clean URLs for Google Drive items? [closed]
gdriv.es
http://gdriv.es/francescpinyol/

only highest level url
gweb.io



$1.50/month
Dropbox -
https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/8062953/site/index.html
 (Dropbox)

dockbox.io



dockbox.io – Host Websites in Dropbox With Custom Domains
harp.io



Harp.io – Host production websites with custom domains and SSL
KISSr
 http://www.kissr.com/sites
 http://francescpinyol.kissr.com/

 50MB
 50MB/mes
DropPages



based on given templates
Site44


100MB/mes
allotjament.cat





webgratis.cat

http://francescpinyol.webgratis.cat/
 1GB
 100GB/mes
 PHP, MySQL


alta domini
 renovació (¤/any)
emmagatzematge
 tràfic
 correu
 altres
 preus






comptes
 espai
 MySQL PHP
 One Click
 mensual
 anual
active24
 8
 16,99 8
 Basic Hosting
 5GB
 il·limitat

x
 x
 x
 4,99 1,99
swhosting
 8
 17,75
 Petit L
 2GB
 5GB/mes

-
 x
 -
 3,50
Don Dominio (.cat)
 9,95
 22,95 17,95
 Pla Mini
 100MB
 5GB/mes 5
 50MB
 -
 -
 -
 0,08
 1
Pla Basic
 1GB
 12GB/mes
 100
 300MB
 100MB
 x
2,08
 25
Dina Hosting
 8,95
 18,60
 Hosting Personal
 2GB
 30GB/mes
 20



4,50
Virtual Pyme
 8,95
 18,95
 Mínim
 1GB 5GB/mes 10



2,45
CD Mon
 8
 19,95
 Pla Start
 1GB
 10GB/mes
 1
-
 x
2,50
 30
Entorno Digital
 8
 19,99
 Pla Presència
 2GB
 10GB/mes 5
-
 -
3,80

Feeds

Geolocalització / Geolocation

Grups de notícies / Newsgroups

Gestors de preferits / Bookmarks managers

Internet per satèl·lit / Internet via satellite

Internet Services Providers (ISP)

Internet TV

Internet of things

P2P 

Protocols

Proxy

Servidors HTTP / HTTP servers

  • Comparison of web servers (wp)
  • Comparison of lightweight web servers (wp)
  • Best Practices for Speeding Up Your Web Site (Steve Sounders)
  • Servidors HTTPS / HTTPS server
  • Balanceig de càrrega / Load balancing
  • Cache on servers
  • Servidors de prova / Test servers
  • Nginx (nginx.com) (wp)
    • Compilació / Compilation
      • Init scripts
      • show compilation options
        • nginx -V
    • Instal·lació / Installation
      • Mageia
        • urpmi nginx
        • sytemctl enable nginx
        • sytemctl start nginx
      • Ubuntu
      • CentOS
        • How To Install Nginx on CentOS 7
        • LEMP server on CentOS 7 with FastCGI
        • sudo yum install epel-release
        • sudo yum install nginx
        • sudo systemctl start nginx.service
        • Firewall (only needed if firewalld.service is running)
          • sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
            sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
            sudo firewall-cmd --reload
        • SELinux
          • SELinux on HTTP servers
          • sudo setsebool -P httpd_read_user_content 1
          • if only using nginx (not uwsgi)
          • if using also uwsgi (unix socket permission denied)
            • SELinux policy for nginx and GitLab unix socket in Fedora 19
            • disable Selinux:
              • setenforce 0
            • detect the problem
              • access your website, to generate logs
              • sudo yum install policycoreutils-python
              • sudo grep nginx /var/log/audit/audit.log | audit2allow
            • solve the problem (do not use -M option, as you will not be able to edit the te text file to add rules)
              • sudo -i
              • grep nginx /var/log/audit/audit.log | audit2allow -m nginx > nginx.te
              • checkmodule -M -m -o nginx.mod nginx.te
              • semodule_package -o nginx.pp -m nginx.mod
              • semodule -i nginx.pp
              • setenforce 1
            • example
              • nginx.te
                • module nginx 1.0;

                  require {
                          type httpd_t;
                          type init_t;
                          type nfs_t;
                          type user_home_t;
                          type var_lib_t;
                          type unlabeled_t;
                          class unix_stream_socket connectto;
                          class file {read getattr open};
                          class lnk_file read;
                          class sock_file write;
                  }

                  #============= httpd_t ==============
                  allow httpd_t init_t:unix_stream_socket connectto;
                  allow httpd_t nfs_t:file {read getattr open};
                  allow httpd_t nfs_t:lnk_file read;
                  allow httpd_t user_home_t:file {read open};
                  allow httpd_t var_lib_t:sock_file write;
                  allow httpd_t unlabeled_t:lnk_file read;
                  allow httpd_t unlabeled_t:file {read open};
          • Problems / Problemes
      • Django wsgi
    • Documentation (.org)
    • Service setup
      • NGINX systemd service file
      • nginx.service
        • # https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/systemd/

          [Unit]
          Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
          After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target cloud-init.service

          [Service]
          Type=forking
          PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
          TimeoutStartSec=200s
          ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
          PrivateTmp=true

          # other ExecStartPre scripts
          ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c 'for script in /etc/nginx/execstartpre.d/*; do $script; done'

          ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
          ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
          ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID

          [Install]
          WantedBy=multi-user.target
      • /tmp
        • /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
        • real /tmp dir for nginx is:
          • /tmp/systemd-private-...-nginx.service-.../tmp
    • Configuració / Configuration
      • Modificació del fitxer de configuració / Modification of config file
      • Modular
        • /etc/nginx/
          • nginx.conf
            • user  nginx;
              worker_processes  1;

              http {
                  include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
                  default_type  application/octet-stream;
                  # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
                  # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
                  # for more information.
                  include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

              }               # nginx-rtmp-module
              rtmp {
                  # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/rtmp.conf.d directory.
                  include /etc/nginx/rtmp.conf.d/*.conf;
              }
          • execstartpre.d/
            • script1_execstartpre.sh
            • ...
          • conf.d/
            • http_server_1.conf
              • server {
                    listen       80;
                    server_name  localhost;

                    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d/server_1.d/ directory.
                    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/http_server_1.d/*.http_server.conf;
                }
            • http_server_1.d/
              • dir_1_a.http_server.conf
                • location /dir_1_a {
                      alias /path/to/dir_1_a;
                  }
              • rtmp_server_1.http_server.conf (if using nginx-rtmp-module statistics and control)
                • # rtmp statistics location /stat {
                      rtmp_stat all;
                      rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
                  }

                  location /stat.xsl {
                      root /path/to/parent/dir/of/stat/xsl/file;
                  }

                  # rtmp control                   location /control {
                      rtmp_control all;
                  }
            • https_server_2.conf
              • server {
                    # https
                    listen              443 ssl;
                    server_name         www.example.org;
                    ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.org/fullchain.pem;
                    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.org/privkey.pem;
                    ssl_protocols       TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
                    ssl_ciphers         HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
                    ...
                }
            • https_server_2.d/
              • ...
          • rtmp.conf.d
            • rtmp_server_1.conf
              • server {
                    listen 1935;
                    ping 30s;
                    notify_method get;

                    # compatibility with GStreamer:
                    publish_time_fix off;

                    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/rtmp.conf.d/wct-rtmp/ directory.
                    include /etc/nginx/rtmp.conf.d/rtmp_server_1.d/*.rtmp_server.conf;
                }
            • rtmp_server_1.d/
              • app_1_a.rtmp_server.conf
                • application app_1_a {
                      live on;
                      wait_video on;
                      wait_key on;
                  }
            • rtmp_server_2.conf
              • ...
            • rtmp_server_2.d/
              • ...
      • HTTPS
        • Configuring HTTPS servers
        • Client Side Certificate Auth in Nginx
        • nginx.conf
          • server {
                # https
                listen              443 ssl;
                server_name         www.example.org;
                ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.org/fullchain.pem;
                ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.example.org/privkey.pem;
                ssl_protocols       TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
                ssl_ciphers         HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
                ...
    • Autenticació / Authentication
    • Debug
      • A debugging log (nginx.org)
        • Debugging log for selected clients
        • Logging to a cyclic memory buffer
      • Debugging NGINX (nginx.com)
      • when building
        • ./configure --with-debug ...
        • check it:
          • nginx -V 2>&1 | grep -- '--with-debug'
      • nginx.conf
        • error_log /path/to/log debug;
        • error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log debug;
      • level possible values: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, alert, emerg
      • tail -n 200 -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
    • Monitoratge / Monitoring
      • ngxtop
        • Instal·lació / Installation
          • pip install ngxtop
        • Ús / Usage
          • only last entries (live)
            • ngxtop
          • all log content
            • ngxtop --no-follow -i 'status >= 500' print request status http_referer
    • Headers
      • your.conf
        •     location /toto {
                  add_header x-peticio $request;
                  add_header x-temps $request_time;
                  add_header x-longitud $request_length;
                  return 200 'tot bé\n';
              }
    • Proxying to:
      • backend server
        		 start server
        		 nginx pass config
        FastCGI
        		 PHP php-cgi -b 127.0.0.1:9000 location ~ \.php$ {
            include /etc/nginx/fcgi_params; #or whatever you named it
            fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
        }
        FCGIWrap systemctl start spawn-fcgi fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/cgi.sock;
        memcached


        ngx_http_proxy_module

        		proxy_pass ...
        SCGI


        upload-module

        		upload_pass ...
        UWSGI
        		bin/uwsgi
        		 uwsgi_pass ...
      • FastCGI (CGI)
        • fastcgi module (ngx_http_fastcgi_module)
        • Understanding and Implementing FastCGI Proxying in Nginx
        • FastCGI example
        • fastcgi_params Versus fastcgi.conf – Nginx Config History
        • nginx - How to run a shell script on every request?
        • FCGIWrap (github)
          • Documentation
          • Installing FcgiWrap and Enabling Perl, Ruby and Bash Dynamic Languages on Gentoo LEMP
          • Installation
            • CentOS
              • from source
                • 14 Install Nginx, PHP5 (PHP-FPM), And Fcgiwrap
                • Serving CGI Scripts With Nginx On CentOS 6.0 - Page 2
                • Passos / Steps
                  • install dependencies
                    • sudo yum -y install gcc autoconf automake
                    • sudo yum -y install git
                    • sudo yum -y install fcgi-devel
                    • if you did not installed nginx from source:
                      • sudo yum -y install nginx-all-modules
                  • download and compile fcgiwrap
                    • cd ~src
                    • git clone git://github.com/gnosek/fcgiwrap.git
                    • cd fcgiwrap
                    • autoreconf -i
                    • ./configure
                    • make
                    • sudo make install
                      • /usr/local/sbin/fcgiwrap
                  • install and setup spawn fcgi
                    • install
                      • sudo yum -y install spawn-fcgi
                    • setup
                      • /etc/sysconfig/spawn-fcgi
                        • # You must set some working options before the "spawn-fcgi" service will work.
                          # If SOCKET points to a file, then this file is cleaned up by the init script.
                          #
                          # See spawn-fcgi(1) for all possible options.
                          #
                          # Example :
                          #SOCKET=/var/run/php-fcgi.sock
                          #OPTIONS="-u apache -g apache -s $SOCKET -S -M 0600 -C 32 -F 1 -P /var/run/spawn-fcgi.pid -- /usr/bin/php-cgi"

                          FCGI_SOCKET=/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket
                          FCGI_PROGRAM=/usr/local/sbin/fcgiwrap
                          FCGI_USER=nginx
                          FCGI_GROUP=nginx
                          FCGI_EXTRA_OPTIONS="-M 0770"
                          OPTIONS="-u $FCGI_USER -g $FCGI_GROUP -s $FCGI_SOCKET -S $FCGI_EXTRA_OPTIONS -F 1 -P /var/run/spawn-fcgi.pid -- $FCGI_PROGRAM"
                        • to redirect stderr logs to /var/log/nginx/error.log (they will be shown as "FastCGI sent in stderr:")
                          • ...
                            OPTIONS="-u $FCGI_USER -g $FCGI_GROUP -s $FCGI_SOCKET -S $FCGI_EXTRA_OPTIONS -F 1 -P /var/run/spawn-fcgi.pid -- $FCGI_PROGRAM -f"
                    • start
                      • systemctl enable spawn-fcgi
                      • systemctl start spawn-fcgi
                      • systemctl status spawn-fcgi
          • Problemes / Problems
          • Security issues
          • Example to execute a script specified in the url
            • setup
              • /etc/nginx/default.d/toto.conf
                • location /cgi-bin/ {
                       # Disable gzip (it makes scripts feel slower since they have to complete
                       # before getting gzipped)
                       gzip off;

                       # Set the root to /usr/lib (inside this location this means that we are
                       # giving access to the files under /usr/lib/cgi-bin)
                       root  /usr/share/nginx;

                       # Fastcgi socket
                       fastcgi_pass  unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;

                       # Fastcgi parameters: include the standard ones
                       include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
                       #                   Fastcgi parameters: adjust non standard parameters (e.g. SCRIPT_FILENAME)
                       fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                       #                   Fastcgi parameters: user-defined parameters
                                         fastcgi_param TOTO_PARAM $request_length;
                  }
              • sudo systemctl reload nginx.service
            • scripts
              • mkdir -p /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin
              • perl script
                • /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin/hello_world.cgi
                  • #!/usr/bin/perl -w
                         # Tell perl to send a html header.
                         # So your browser gets the output
                         # rather then <stdout>(command line
                         # on the server.)
                    print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
                         # print your basic html tags.
                         # and the content of them.
                    print "<html><head><title>Hello World!! </title></head>\n";
                    print "<body><h1>Hello world</h1></body></html>\n";
                • chmod 755 /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin/hello_world.cgi
              • bash script
                • /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin/toto.sh
                  • #!/bin/bash

                    # as PATH is set in /etc/init.d/functions, you may need to complete it
                    # when you are calling other scripts (e.g. in /usr/local/bin) from here
                    PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/bin
                    export $PATH

                    # call a script in /usr/local/bin
                    my_script.sh

                    # content type must be present, followed by an empty line                     # all lines must be ended with \r\n (CR LF) echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\r"
                    echo -e "\r"

                    # your text
                    echo "123"
                    echo "server software: $SERVER_SOFTWARE"
                    echo "script filename: $SCRIPT_FILENAME"
                    echo  "toto param: $TOTO_PARAM"
                    # print all available environment variables
                    env
                • chmod 755 /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin/toto.sh
                • Debug
                  • /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin/toto_debug.sh
                    • #!/bin/bash -x
                      # adding -x will make bash xtrace output (by default written to stderr) to appear in /var/log/nginx/error.log,
                      # if option -f was specified in spawn config

                      echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\n"

                      # log to stderr instead of response body
                      (1>&2 echo "[hello]")

                      ...
                • Parse GET and POST parameters (using cgi_functions.sh)
                  • See also CGI bash examples with POST
                  • /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin/toto_with_params
                    • #!/bin/bash # if cgi_functions.sh is installed in /usr/local/bin
                      PATH=/usr/local/bin:${PATH}
                      export PATH=$PATH                       # register all GET and POST variables
                      source cgi_functions.sh
                      cgi_getvars BOTH ALL 1>&2

                      # content type must be present, followed by an empty line
                      # all lines must be ended with \r\n (CR LF)
                      echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\r"
                      echo -e "\r"

                      # variables from QUERY and POST are available as shell variables
                      echo "var1: $var1"
                      echo "var2: $var2"
                      echo "var3: $var3"
                  • GET
                    • curl -X GET http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/toto_with_params?var1=value1
                  • POST
                    • application/x-www-form-urlencoded
                      • curl -X POST --data 'var3=value3' http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/toto_with_params
                    • multipart/form-data
                      • curl -X POST -F var2=value2 http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/toto_with_params?var1=value1
                      • curl -X POST -F var2=value2 http://127.0.0.1/cgi-bin/toto_with_params
                  • from local:
                    • REQUEST_METHOD=POST QUERY_STRING="var1=value1&var4=value4" var2=value2 var3=value3 /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin/toto_with_params
                • Allow only POST:
                  • /usr/share/nginx/cgi-bin/toto_only_post
                    • #!/bin/bash # register all GET and POST variables
                      source cgi_functions.sh
                      cgi_getvars BOTH ALL 1>&2
                      if [[ $REQUEST_METHOD != "POST" ]]
                      then
                          echo "Status: 405 Method Not Allowed"
                          echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\r"
                          echo -e "\r"

                          echo "Method not allowed"
                          exit 0
                      fi                       # content type must be present, followed by an empty line # all lines must be ended with \r\n (CR LF) echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\r"
                      echo -e "\r"

                      ...
            • Client
            • Problemes / Problems
              • SELinux
              • 403 Forbidden
                • chmod +x toto.sh
              • 502 Bad gateway
                • check that script returns as first lines (optionally a Status line, containing return code number and reason phrase, see: ngx_http_fastcgi_hide_headers) (note the empty line):
                  • Content-type: text/plain
                  • Status: 202 OK
                    Content-type: text/plain
          • Example to execute a fixed script when accessing a url:
            • nginx - How to run a shell script on every request?
            • ...conf
              • location /do_something/ {
                     # Disable gzip (it makes scripts feel slower since they have to complete
                     # before getting gzipped)
                     gzip off;
                     # Set the root to /usr/lib (inside this location this means that we are
                     # giving access to the files under /usr/lib/cgi-bin)
                     root  /usr/share/nginx;
                     # Fastcgi socket
                     fastcgi_pass  unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
                     # Fastcgi parameters, include the standard ones
                     include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
                     # Adjust non standard parameters (SCRIPT_FILENAME)
                     fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /path/to/fixed_script.sh;
                     # user-defined parameters
                                     fastcgi_param TOTO_PARAM $request_length;
                }
            • fixed_script.sh (see also simple_cgi.sh for an example with POST)
              • #!/bin/bash
                # content type must be present, followed by an empty line                 # all lines must be ended with \r\n (CR LF) echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\r"
                echo -e "\r"

                # execute some script
                result=$(/path/to/do_something_script.sh)
                echo "result:"
                echo $result

                # your text
                echo "request method:  $REQUEST_METHOD"
                echo "server software: $SERVER_SOFTWARE"
                echo "script filename: $SCRIPT_FILENAME"
                echo  "toto param: $TOTO_PARAM"
            • fixed_script_with_specified http response code
              • FastCGI and Nginx - Return HTTP Status
              • #!/bin/bash                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                echo "Status: 404 Not Found"
                echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\r"
                echo -e "\r"

                echo "Uep, com anam?"
          • Example to get upload time:
            • .../upload.conf
              • location /up {
                    # allow 100 Continue
                    client_max_body_size 20M;

                    # allow upload
                    sendfile on;

                    # Disable gzip (it makes scripts feel slower since they have to complete
                    # before getting gzipped)
                    gzip off;
                    # Set the root to /usr/lib (inside this location this means that we are
                    # giving access to the files under /usr/lib/cgi-bin)
                    root  /usr/share/nginx;
                    # Fastcgi socket
                    fastcgi_pass  unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
                    # Fastcgi parameters, include the standard ones
                    include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;

                    # Adjust non standard parameters:
                    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /path/to/upload_time.sh;
                    # user-defined parameters:
                    fastcgi_param REQUEST_LENGTH $request_length;
                    fastcgi_param REQUEST_TIME $request_time;

                    # user-defined headers
                    add_header x-temps $request_time;
                    add_header x-longitud $request_length;                 }
            • upload_time.sh
              • #!/bin/bash
                # content type must be present, followed by an empty line                 # all lines must be ended with \r\n (CR LF) echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\r"
                echo -e "\r"

                # execute some script
                result=$(/path/to/do_something_script.sh)
                echo "result:"
                echo $result

                echo "request method:  $REQUEST_METHOD"
                echo "request length:  $REQUEST_LENGTH"
                echo "request time:    $REQUEST_TIME"
            • Client
              • dd if=/dev/zero of=megabyte.dat  bs=1M  count=1
              • curl -i --data-binary '@megabyte.dat' http://<server>/up
    • Cache
      • no-cache for 404 responses (see also cache control for error responses in AWS CloudFront)
        • your.conf
          • server {
               ...
                error_page 404 /404.html;
                location = /404.html {
                    root html;
                    add_header Cache-Control "no-cache" always;
                    add_header Cache-Control "max-age=0" always;
                }
            }
    • CORS
    • Upload
      • Test upload speed
      • Nginx direct file upload without passing them through backend
      • nginx upload client_max_body_size issue
        • Expect: 100-Continue
      • client
      • client_body_in_file_only
        • files uploaded to
          • /tmp/...
        • ...conf
          •  server {
                listen       80;
                server_name  localhost;

                error_log /var/log/nginx/error.debug.log debug;

                #sendfile on;

                location /up {
                  #auth_basic                 "Restricted Upload";
                  #auth_basic_user_file       basic.htpasswd;
                  #limit_except POST          { deny all; }

                  #client_body_temp_path      /tmp/;
                  #client_body_in_file_only   on;
                  #client_body_buffer_size    128K;                   # allow 100 Continue
                  client_max_body_size 20M;
                  #proxy_pass_request_headers on;
                  #proxy_set_header           X-FILE $request_body_file;
                  #proxy_set_body             off;
                  #proxy_redirect             off;
                  #proxy_pass                 http://www.example.org/;

                    sendfile on;

                    add_header x-peticio $request;
                    add_header x-temps $request_time;
                    add_header x-longitud $request_length;

                    #root html;
                    #return 200 '$request_body_file';

                    return 200 'tot bé\n';
                }
        • Client (POST)
          • curl -i --data-binary '@myfile.png' http://192.168.1.29/upload
        • Problemes / Problems
      • nginx-upload-module
        • Upload
        • Resumable upload
        • nginx-upload-module 2.2 (github)
        • Nginx upload module (v 2.2.0)
          • nginx.service
            • [Service]
              ...
              # create hashed dirs for upload-module (level1=1)
              ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/bin/mkdir -p /var/www/uploads/{0..9}; chmod 777 -R /var/www/uploads/{0..9}'
          • Example configuration
              •     # allow 100 Continue.
                    # if not specified here, as general value, defaults to 1M, and limits upload,
                    #   even if a greater vallue is specified inside a location section
                    #   (which only controls return of 100 Continue message)
                    client_max_body_size 20M;
                    location /upload {
                        # this value would response 100 for files under 30M, but general client_max_body_size 20M
                        # would not allow upload of files between 20 and 30M:
                        #                 client_max_body_size 30M;

                        # Pass altered request body to this location
                        upload_pass   @new_upload;

                        # Store files to this directory
                        # The directory is hashed:
                        # level1=1 (digit) : subdirectories 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 should exist
                        # (they can be created in nginx.service)
                        upload_store /var/www/uploads 1;
                       
                        # Allow uploaded files to be read only by user
                        upload_store_access user:r;

                        # Set specified fields in request body
                        # They are passed to backend as POST multipart/form-data
                        upload_set_form_field "${upload_field_name}_name" "$upload_file_name";
                        upload_set_form_field "${upload_field_name}_content_type" "$upload_content_type";
                        upload_set_form_field "${upload_field_name}_path "$upload_tmp_path";

                        # Inform backend about hash and size of a file
                        upload_aggregate_form_field "${upload_field_name}_md5" "$upload_file_md5";
                        upload_aggregate_form_field "${upload_field_name}_size" "$upload_file_size";

                        # pass fields from form
                        # pass all:
                        #upload_pass_form_field "(.*)";
                        # pass only submit and description:
                        upload_pass_form_field "^submit$|^description$";

                        upload_cleanup 400 404 499 500-505;
                    }

                    # Pass altered request body to a fastcgi backend                     location @new_upload {
                        # user-defined headers
                        add_header x-request-time $request_time;
                        add_header x-request-length $request_length;

                        fastcgi_pass  unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket;
                        # Fastcgi parameters, include the standard ones
                        include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
                        # Adjust non standard parameters (SCRIPT_FILENAME)
                        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/bin/new_upload.sh;

                        # user-defined parameters:
                        fastcgi_param REQUEST_LENGTH $request_length;
                        fastcgi_param REQUEST_TIME $request_time;
                    }
          • /usr/local/bin/new_upload.sh
            • #!/bin/bash
              echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\n"

              source cgi_functions.sh

              # register all GET and POST variables
              cgi_getvars BOTH ALL

              echo "New upload ==============================="
              export
        • Other examples
        • Compilation

        		•  client
          		 response code
          POST multipart/form-data curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data' -F toto='@myfile.png' http://<server>/up 200 OK
          POST x-www-form-urlencoded curl -i --data-binary '@myfile.png' http://<server>/up 415 Unsupported Media Type
          PUT
          		 curl --upload-file myfile.png http://<server>/up 405 Not Allowed
    • Resources (.com)
    • i18n
      • ...
    • 3rd party modules
    • Problemes / Problemes
      • connect() failed (111: Connection refused) while connecting to upstream, client: ..., server: ..., request: ..., upstream: "http://[::1]:9000/ws/...", host: ...
      • connect() to unix:///var/lib/uwsgi/....sock failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream
      • connect() to unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket failed (11: Resource temporarily unavailable) while connecting to upstream, client: ..., server: ..., request: ..., upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/fcgiwrap.socket:", host: ...
      • accept4() failed (24: Too many open files)
        • Nginx: 24: Too Many Open Files Error And Solution
        • nginx 24: Too many open files
        • Solució / Solution:
          • increase limits for nginx user:
            • present values:
              • sudo su - nginx -s /bin/bash -c "ulimit -Hn"
              • sudo su - nginx -s /bin/bash -c "ulimit -Sn"
            • set new values at os level:
              • /etc/security/limits.d/nginx.conf
                • # default: nginx       hard    nofile   4096
                  nginx       hard    nofile   16384
                  # default: nginx       soft    nofile   1024
                  nginx       soft    nofile   4096
            • set new values at service level:
              • /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
              • systemctl daemon-reload
              • systemctl restart nginx.service
            • check new values:
              • nginx_pid=$(pgrep -f "nginx: master process")
              • cat /proc/${nginx_pid}/limits | grep "Max open files"
                • Max open files ...
      • exec: fork failed (12: Cannot allocate memory), client: ..., server: ...
      • nginx: [emerg] open() "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" failed (13: Permission denied)
        • Solució / Solution
          • sudo setsebool -P httpd_read_user_content 1
      • nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:8000 failed (13: Permission denied)
      • nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:444 failed (13: Permission denied)
      • connection to page gives "502 Bad Gateway"
        • systemctl status emperor.uwsgi.service
          • import memcache
            ImportError: No module named memcache
      • connection to page gives "502 Bad Gateway"
        • /var/log/nginx/error.log
          • connect() to unix:///etc/uwsgi/wct_backend.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream ...
        • If it doesn't work
        • Solució / Solution
          1. regenerate nginx.pp file
          2. sudo systemctl restart emperor.uwsgi.service
          3. sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
      • connection to page gives "502 Bad Gateway"
        • /var/log/nginx/error.log
          • connect() to unix:///etc/uwsgi/wct_backend.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream ...
        • Solució / Solution
          • check output from (maybe some misspelling?): 
            • sudo systemctl status emperor.uwsgi.service
          • check that uwsgi is installed in your virtualenv
          • check uwsgi configuration
      • check content of:
        • /var/log/nginx/error.log
        • /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log
      • content is not cached
  • Apache HTTP Server (Apache Software Foundation)
  • Fake http server with netcat
  • Cherokee Web Server (wp)
  • Netscape Enterprise Server 
  • NCSA HTTPd
  • CERN httpd
  • Servidors lleugers / Light servers
  • Jetty Java HTTP Servlet Server
  • Web Servers Comparison
  • Creating Net Sites
  • Designing Your Web Site
  • Databases interfaces
  • Utilitats / Utilities
  • CGI (Common Gateway Interface)
    • CGI on Apache
    • FastCGI
    • RFC 3875 "The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Version 1.1"
    • The Web Developer's Virtual Library course
    • CGIHTML (C routines)
    • CGI Developer's Guide
    • Bash
      • Bash.CGI
        • cgi_functions.sh
          • #!/bin/bash

            # https://oinkzwurgl.org/hacking/bash_cgi/
            # Phillippe Kehi <phkehi@gmx.net> and flipflip industries
            # to test this function locally:
            # source cgi_functions.sh
            # QUERY_STRING="var1=value1" cgi_getvars GET var1; echo $var1
            # QUERY_STRING="var1=value1&var2=value2" cgi_getvars GET ALL; echo $var1; echo $var2
            # CONTENT_TYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ... cgi_getvars POST ALL; echo $var1; echo $var2

            # to test this function locally:
            # source cgi_functions.sh
            # QUERY_STRING="var1=value1" cgi_getvars GET var1; echo $var1
            # QUERY_STRING="var1=value1&var2=value2" cgi_getvars GET ALL; echo $var1; echo $var2
            # CONTENT_TYPE="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ... cgi_getvars POST ALL; echo $var1; echo $var2

            # (internal) routine to store POST data
            function cgi_get_POST_vars()
            {
                # check content type
                # FIXME: not sure if we could handle uploads with this..
                if [ "${CONTENT_TYPE}" != "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" ] && ! [[ "${CONTENT_TYPE}" =~ ^"multipart/form-data" ]]
                then
                    # if, in /etc/sysconfig/spawn-fcgi, OPTIONS contains -f,
                    # this echo can be seen at /var/log/nginx/error.log
                    echo "[`basename $0`] WARNING: received CONTENT_TYPE is ${CONTENT_TYPE}, but implemented content types for POST are only: "\
                         "application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data" 1>&2
                    return
                fi

                # save POST variables (only first time this is called)
                [ -z "$QUERY_STRING_POST" \
                  -a "$REQUEST_METHOD" = "POST" -a ! -z "$CONTENT_LENGTH" ] && \
                    read -N $CONTENT_LENGTH RECEIVED_POST
                #echo "RECEIVED_POST: $RECEIVED_POST"
               
                if [[ "${CONTENT_TYPE}" =~ ^"multipart/form-data" ]]
                then
                    # export variables from multipart
                    boundary=$(echo $CONTENT_TYPE | awk -F= '{print$2}');
                    #QUERY_STRING_POST=$(echo "$RECEIVED_POST" | awk -v b=$boundary 'BEGIN {RS=b"\r\n";FS="\r\n";ORS="&"} $1 ~ /^Content-Disposition/ {gsub(/Content-Disposition: form-data; name=/,"",$1); gsub("\"","",$1); print $1"="$3}')
                    # variables must be exported here, because they can contain ampersands in value
                    eval $(echo "$RECEIVED_POST" | awk -v b=$boundary 'BEGIN {RS=b"\r\n";FS="\r\n";ORS=" "} $1 ~ /^Content-Disposition/ {gsub(/Content-Disposition: form-data; name=/,"",$1); gsub("\"","",$1); print "export "$1"=\""$3"\""}')
                else
                    # take input string as is
                    QUERY_STRING_POST="$RECEIVED_POST"
                fi
               
                return
            }

            # (internal) routine to decode urlencoded strings
            function cgi_decodevar()
            {
                [ $# -ne 1 ] && return
                local v t h
                # replace all + with whitespace and append %%
                t="${1//+/ }%%"
                while [ ${#t} -gt 0 -a "${t}" != "%" ]; do
                    v="${v}${t%%\%*}" # digest up to the first %
                    t="${t#*%}"       # remove digested part
                    # decode if there is anything to decode and if not at end of string
                    if [ ${#t} -gt 0 -a "${t}" != "%" ]; then
                        h=${t:0:2} # save first two chars
                        t="${t:2}" # remove these
                        v="${v}"`echo -e \\\\x${h}` # convert hex to special char
                    fi
                done
                # return decoded string
                echo "${v}"
                return
            }

            # routine to get variables from http requests
            # usage: cgi_getvars method varname1 [.. varnameN]
            # method is either GET or POST or BOTH
            # the magic varible name ALL gets everything
            function cgi_getvars()
            {
                [ $# -lt 2 ] && return
                local q p k v s
                # get query
                case $1 in
                    GET)
                        [ ! -z "${QUERY_STRING}" ] && q="${QUERY_STRING}&"
                        ;;
                    POST)
                        cgi_get_POST_vars
                        [ ! -z "${QUERY_STRING_POST}" ] && q="${QUERY_STRING_POST}&"
                        ;;
                    BOTH)
                        [ ! -z "${QUERY_STRING}" ] && q="${QUERY_STRING}&"
                        cgi_get_POST_vars
                        [ ! -z "${QUERY_STRING_POST}" ] && q="${q}${QUERY_STRING_POST}&"
                        ;;
                esac
                shift
                s=" $* "
                # parse the query data
                while [ ! -z "$q" ]; do
                    p="${q%%&*}"  # get first part of query string
                    k="${p%%=*}"  # get the key (variable name) from it
                    v="${p#*=}"   # get the value from it
                    q="${q#"$p"&*}" # strip first part from query string
                    # decode and assign variable if requested
                    [ -n "$p" ] && [ "$1" = "ALL" -o "${s/ $k /}" != "$s" ] && \
                        export "$k"="`cgi_decodevar \"$v\"`"
                done
                return
            }
      • CGI shell script using bash
      • Bash
        • Saving a binary file
      • How to parse $QUERY_STRING from a bash CGI script
      • Creating CGI Programs with Bash: Handling POST Data
        • curl -i -X POST --data 'tata=tata_value' http://127.0.0.1/test
      • Examples with POST
        • See also Parse GET and POST parameters
        • simple_cgi.sh
          • #!/bin/bash -x
            echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\n"
            echo "content type: ${CONTENT_TYPE}"
            echo "QUERY_STRING_POST:"
            cat
          • #!/bin/bash -x
            echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\n"
            echo "content type: ${CONTENT_TYPE}"
            read -N $CONTENT_LENGTH QUERY_STRING_POST
            echo "QUERY_STRING_POST:"
            echo "$QUERY_STRING_POST"
        • parse_multi.sh
          • #!/bin/bash
            echo -e "Content-type: text/plain\n"

            echo "CONTENT_TYPE: $CONTENT_TYPE"
            echo "CONTENT_LENGTH: $CONTENT_LENGTH"

            # get boundary from CONTENT_TYPE
            boundary=$(echo $CONTENT_TYPE | awk -F= '{print$2}')
            echo "== boundary:"
            echo "$boundary"

            # read standard input
            read -N $CONTENT_LENGTH QUERY_STRING_POST
            echo "== received standard input:"
            echo "$QUERY_STRING_POST"

            # parse standard input in multipart/form-data
            post_params=$(echo "$QUERY_STRING_POST" | awk -v b=$boundary 'BEGIN {RS=b"\r\n";FS="\r\n";ORS="&"} $1 ~ /^Content-Disposition/ {gsub(/Content-Disposition: form-data; name=/,"",$1); gsub("\"","",$1); print $1"="$3}')
            echo "== post_params:"
            echo "$post_params"

            exit 0
    • Perl
    • Python
  • Servlets / JSP servers
  • C Server Pages (CSP)
  • MIME types configuration

Servidors FTP / FTP servers
  • Clients FTP
  • vsftpd
  • ProFTPD
    • Instal·lació / Installation
      • CentOS
        • sudo yum install proftpd
        • systemctl start proftpd
    • Mini-Howto
      • Debugging
        • /usr/lib/systemd/system/proftpd.service
          • ExecStart = /usr/sbin/proftpd -d10 $PROFTPD_OPTIONS
      • Configuring a directory
      • Virtual users
        • Passos / Steps
          • sudo -i
          • cd /etc; mkdir proftpd; cd proftpd
          • wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/proftpd/proftpd/master/contrib/ftpasswd
          • chmod +x ftpasswd
          • ./ftpasswd --group -gid 9000 --name ftp_users
          • ./ftpasswd --passwd --name user1 --home /home --shell /bin/bash --uid 8000 --gid 9000
          • /etc/proftpd.conf
            • # users
              AuthUserFile /etc/proftpd/ftpd.passwd
              AuthGroupFile /etc/proftpd/ftpd.group
          • systemctl restart proftpd.service
        • Test
          • ftp://user1...
      • AWS and ProFTPD
        • security groups
          • tcp 21
          • tcp 1024 - 1048
        • proftpd.conf
          • # aws
            PassivePorts        1024 1048
            MasqueradeAddress   <your_public_ip_address>
    • /etc/proftp.conf
      • DefaultRoot ~
      • <Directory ~>
            <Limit ALL>
              DenyAll
            </Limit>
            <Limit DIRS READ>
              AllowAll
            </Limit>
        </Directory>
        <Directory ~/upload>
            <Limit WRITE>
              AllowAll
            </Limit>
        </Directory>

Clients FTP / FTP Clients
  • sftp
  • lftp
    • download
      • lftpget ftp://user@remote_host/dir1/dir2/dir3/file1
      • lftp ftp://user@remote_host/dir1 -e "get dir2/dir3/file1; bye"
      • mirror
        • lftp ftp://user@remote_host/dir1 -e "mirror; bye"
    • upload
      • reverse (-R) mirror
        • lftp -d -f commands.lftp 2>> toto.log
          • commands.lftp
            • open -u user,password remote_host
              set ftp:ssl-allow no
              mirror -R local_dir
      • Exclude .git dir:
        • lftp exclude syntax confusion
        • commands.lftp
          • open -u user,password remote_host
            set ftp:ssl-allow no
            mirror --exclude --exclude=^\.git/$ -R local_dir remote_dir
      • How to use rsync over ftp
  • curlftpfs (mount locally)
  • weex (updating web pages)
  • Python

PHP
  • Pàgines web dinàmiques / Dynamic web pages
    • Frameworks
  • PEAR packages
  • PHP CLI (command line)
    • PHP CLI
    • Using PHP from the command line
    • Instal·lació / Installation
      • Mageia
        • urpmi php-cli
    • Exemples / Examples: (-r to avoid <?php...?>)
      • php [-f] toto.php
      • php -r "mail('to_user@example.org','subjecte','cos del missatge','From:from_user@example.org' );"
  • IDE
  • PHP debug
    • php -i
    • /etc/php.ini (Mageia: urpmi php-ini) or /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini (Debian/Ubuntu)
      • display_errors = On
    • service httpd restart (or: sudo service apache2 restart)
    • comprova la sintaxi / check syntax
      • urpmi php-cli
      • php -l toto.php
    • /etc/php.ini or /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
    • logs
      • error_log
      • Examples
        • error_log("You messed up!", 3, "/var/tmp/my-errors.log");
        • error_log(print_r($variable, TRUE));
        • error_log("You messed up!", 3, "php://stdout");
    • see also Apache logs
    • check the output
      • php -f toto.php
      • if result is empty and "echo $?" returns 255, it could mean that dependencies not satisfied
    • xdebug
      • Instal·lació / Installation
        • Mageia
          • urpmi php-xdebug
        • Ubuntu
          • sudo apt-get install php5-xdebug
      • Eclipse
        • Debugging using XDebug
        • Setup php ini file:
          • Mageia: /etc/php.d/A29_xdebug.ini
          • Ubuntu: /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d/20-xdebug.ini
          • xdebug.remote_enable = 1
            xdebug.remote_handler = 'dbgp'
        • An http server must be configured and running
        • Eclipse: Window / Preferences / PHP / Servers
          • Server
            • Base URL: http://localhost
            • Document Root: /var/www/html
          • Debugger: XDebug
            • Port: 9000
        • Problems
          • Progress tab: "waiting for xdebug session"
            • Solution
              • xdebug.remote_handler = 'dbgp'
      • kdevelop
    • Debugging remote CLI with phpstorm
  • Dependencies
    • inclued
      • Installation
        • Mageia
          • urpmi php-inclued
  • Errors
    • Reference - What does this error mean in PHP?
    • "Warning: cannot modify header information..."
      • Si a php.ini hi ha:
        • error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED
        • i es produeix un "Notice:...", es posarà al text de resposta, i el codi serà un 200, i ja no es podrà  canviar per un altre
      • En canvi, si a php.ini hi ha:
        • error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_NOTICE
        • no s'escriurà cap "Notice:..." a la resposta, i el codi HTTP es podrà canviar mitjançant un "header("HTTP/1.0 204 No Response")"
      • Penseu també  a eliminar les línies en blanc o retorns de carro fora de <php>
  • i18n
  • Smarty
    • i18n
      • smarty-gettext
        • Smarty gettext plugin
        • Installation
          • cd <smarty>/plugins
          • wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smarty-gettext/smarty-gettext/master/block.t.php
          • wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smarty-gettext/smarty-gettext/master/function.locale.php
        • Setup
          • cd public
          • get script to extract translatable strings
            • wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/smarty-gettext/smarty-gettext/master/tsmarty2c.php
            • chmod +x tsmarty2c.php
          • edit your master tpl file:
            • {locale path="Locale" domain="messages"}
          • edit your_view.tpl
            • {t}Hello world from Smarty!{/t}
          • extract all translatable strings to a pot file:
            • ./tsmarty2c.php -o smarty.pot <path_to>/views/
          • merge pot files from *.php and *.tpl
            • xgettext --from-code=UTF-8 -o php.pot *.php
            • msgcat -o messages.pot php.pot smarty.pot
          • create po files from pot
            • cp messages.pot Locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
          • cd Locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES
          • edit messages.po to update translations
          • compile po to mo:
            • msgfmt -o messages.mo messages.po
        • Next times:
          • regenerate pot
            • xgettext --from-code=UTF-8 -o php.pot *.php
            • ./tsmarty2c.php -o smarty.pot <path_to>/views/
            • msgcat -o messages.pot php.pot smarty.pot
          • update po
            • msgmerge -U Locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po messages.pot
            • msgmerge -U Locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po messages.pot
            • ...
          • recompile mo
            • msgfmt -o Locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/messages.mo Locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
            • msgfmt -o Locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/messages.mo Locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/messages.po
            • ...
  • Correu electrònic / E-mail
  • curl-php
    • PHP Curl with port number issue
    • POST of array to djangorestframework, in multipart (PhpMultiPartParser)
      • <?php
        // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3772096/posting-multidimensional-array-with-php-and-curl
        function http_build_query_for_curl( $arrays, &$new = array(), $prefix = null ) {

            if ( is_object( $arrays ) ) {
                $arrays = get_object_vars( $arrays );
            }

            foreach ( $arrays AS $key => $value ) {
                $k = isset( $prefix ) ? $prefix . '[' . $key . ']' : $key;
                if ( is_array( $value ) OR is_object( $value )  ) {
                    http_build_query_for_curl( $value, $new, $k );
                } else {
                    $new[$k] = $value;
                }
            }
        }

        $ch = curl_init();
        $url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/mymodels/";
        $myvalues = array("first", "second");
        $post_fields = array("name" => "toto", "myvalues" => $myvalues );

        http_build_query_for_curl( $post_fields, $post );

        print_r($post);

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: multipart/form-data'));
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, sizeof($post_fields));
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post );

        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

        $server_output = curl_exec($ch);

        $info    = curl_getinfo($ch);
        if(curl_errno($ch)) {   
                    echo "something was wrong in your request";
                    }
        curl_close($ch);
        print $server_output;

        ?>
  • Certificats / Certificates
  • Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)
    • Requests with credentials
    • Server-side Acess Control (PHP examples)
    • http://foo.example/ (Javascript)
      • var invocation = new XMLHttpRequest();
        var url = 'https://bar.other/'

        invocation.onreadystatechange = function() {
          if (invocation.readyState!=4) return;

          var is_ok = invocation.responseText=='OK';
          if (is_ok) {
            document.location.href = isok.html
          } else {
                    document.location.href = isnotok.html
          }
        }

        invocation.open('GET', url, true );         invocation.withCredentials = "true";
        invocation.send();
    • https://bar.other/ (PHP)
      • <?php
        header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://        foo.example/');
        header('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true');

        if ($_SERVER['SSL_CLIENT_VERIFY']=='SUCCESS') {
          echo 'OK';
        } else {           $sslcn = $_SERVER['SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_CN'];   $msg = "$sslcn NOT_OK";
          echo         $msg;
        }
        ?>
    • Nota: si no es fan servir Access-Control-Allow- (o bé "Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *"), no estarà disponible responseText a la URL origen. (Firefox: Cross-domain requests with credentials return empty)
    • "Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *" no pot estar lligat a withCredentials = "true"
  • HTML parsing
  • PHP3 (es) (ch)
  • Databases interaction
  • Emacs modes
    • Php Mode (EmacsWiki)
      1. cd /usr/share/emacs/24.2/lisp/progmodes/
      2. wget http://php-mode.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/php-mode/tags/php-mode-1.5.0/php-mode.el
      3. ~/.emacs
        • (autoload 'php-mode "php-mode" "Major mode for editing php code." t)
          (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.php$" . php-mode))
          (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.inc$" . php-mode))
  • LBD/EPFL
  • Manual (local)
  • Tutorial
  • PHP Nuke
  • Suhosin (Hardened-PHP project - PHP security)

Crawling

Recerca / Search

  • Search engine optimization (SEO) (wp)

Robots

Seguretat / Security

Servidors de correu / E-mail servers

Clients de correu electrònic / E-mail clients
  • Obrir un adjunt winmail.dat / Open a winmail.dat attachment:
    • Install tnef:
      • urpmi tnef
      • apt-get install tnef
    • Unpack attachement content:
      • tnef winmail.dat
  • Command line
    • How do I test an imap server?
    • Testing POP3 and IMAP servers from the command line in CMD or bash
    • imap:
      • telnet mail.example.com 143
      • ...
    • telnet/nc to an SMTP server (after EHLO, responses starting with 250 show available commands) (cannot continue a connection when STARTTLS has been invoked; use openssl s_client or mailx instead)
      • port 25 (default)
        • HELO (basic commands)
          • $ telnet mail.example.org 25
            Trying x.x.x.x...
            Connected to mail.example.org.
            Escape character is '^]'.
            220 client.example.org ESMTP Postfix
            HELO mail.example.org
            250             client.example.org
            MAIL FROM:<localuser@example.org>
            250 2.1.0 Ok
            RCPT TO:<remoteuser@example.org>
            250 2.1.5 Ok
            DATA
            354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
            To:<remoteuser@example.org>
            From:<localuser@example.org>
            Subject:First test
            Hi, you!
            .
            250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 489C411EE7AC
            QUIT
            221 2.0.0 Bye
            Connection closed by foreign host.
        • EHLO (enhanced commands)
          • $ telnet mail.example.org 25
            Trying x.x.x.x...
            Connected to mail.example.org.
            Escape character is '^]'.
            220 client.example.org ESMTP Postfix
            EHLO mail.example.org 250-client.example.org
            250-PIPELINING
            250-SIZE 10240000
            250-VRFY
            250-ETRN
            250-STARTTLS
            250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
            250-8BITMIME
            250 DSN
            ...
      • port 587 (must be activated; see Postfix on port 587) and STARTTLS:
        • $ telnet mail.example.org 587 Trying x.x.x.x...
          Connected to mail.example.org.
          Escape character is '^]'.
          220 client.example.org ESMTP Postfix
          EHLO mail.example.org 250-client.example.org
          250-PIPELINING
          250-SIZE 10240000
          250-VRFY
          250-ETRN
          250-STARTTLS
          250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
          250-8BITMIME
          250 DSN
          STARTTLS
          ...
    • openssl s_client
      • openssl s_client -connect mail.example.org:587 -starttls smtp
      • openssl s_client -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:587 -crlf -ign_eof
      • Problemes / Problems
        • read:errno=0 (and connection is closed):
          • check, on postfix server: /var/log/maillog
    • mail / mailx
      • Instal·lació / Installation
        • CentOS
          • sudo yum install mailx
      • Utilització / Usage
  • Mozilla Thunderbird (correu/mail)
    • Thunderbird 3
    • Redacció d'un missatge en HTML quan per omissió és en text pla / Compose a message in HTML when default is plain text:
      • Majúscula + click a "Redacta" / Shift + click on "Compose"
    • Expanded columns in folder pane
    • Signatures - Thunderbird
    • enllaços cap a firefox i altres aplicacions: ~/.thunderbird/.../prefs.js:
      • Opening hyperlinks from some GTK-based applications doesn't work after updating Firefox to a new version
      • Bug 58784 - Using "Make firefox the default web browser" should use /usr/bin/firefox not /usr/lib(64)/firefox-<version>/firefox
      • $ gconf-editor
        • /desktop/gnome/url-handlers/http/command
          • enabled: no
          • com que el valor per omissió és "enabled=true", això crearà el fitxer .gconf/desktop/gnome/url-handlers/http/%gconf.xml (si no, no existeix el fitxer)
        • llavors el thunderbird ens preguntarà amb quina aplicació volem obrir els http: /usr/bin/firefox
      • gconf: ~/.gconf/desktop/gnome/url-handlers/http/%gconf.xml
      • Al Firefox: Edita / Preferències / Avançat / General / Comprova-ho ara (predeterminat) (*)
      • user_pref("network.protocol-handler.app.http", "/usr/bin/xdg-open");
      • user_pref("network.protocol-handler.app.http", "/usr/bin/mozilla-firefox");
      • user_pref("network.protocol-handler.app.https", "/usr/bin/mozilla-firefox");
      • user_pref("network.protocol-handler.app.ftp", "/usr/bin/mozilla-firefox");
      • user_pref("network.protocol-handler.app.smb", "/usr/bin/konqueror");
    • Locale-Switcher Extension 
    • Tips & tricks
    • Consells i trucs (Softcatalà)
    • Use different Quote Level Colors
      • ~/.thunderbird/xxx.default/chrome/userContent.css
        • /* Quote Levels Colors */
          blockquote[type=cite] {
             color: navy !important; background-color: RGB(245,245,245) !important;
          }
          blockquote[type=cite] blockquote {
             color: maroon !important; background-color: RGB(235,235,235) !important;
          }
          blockquote[type=cite] blockquote blockquote {
             color: green !important; background-color: RGB(225,225,225) !important;
          }
          blockquote[type=cite] blockquote blockquote blockquote {
             color: purple !important; background-color: RGB(215,215,215) !important;
          }
          blockquote[type=cite] blockquote blockquote blockquote blockquote {
             color: teal !important; background-color: RGB(205,205,205) !important;
          }
    • Problem: "This body part will be downloaded on demand"
      • View->Display Attachments Inline
    • how to not include external images on html messages? - Mozilla
      • moz-do-not-send true
      • En recepció, caldrà acceptar "Mostra el contingut remot"
  • Gmail

Navegadors / Browsers

HTML

CSS

XHTML

XML

JavaScript

  • ECMAScript
  • Documentation
  • Tutorials
  • Reference
  • JavaScript Kit
  • JavaScript Gamelan Directory
  • DevEdge (Netscape)
  • Sash
  • JavaScript Calendar 
  • Free Cut-and-Paste JavaScript
  • Javascript PC emulator (micro Linux)
  • JSON
    • Comparison to XML
    • JavaScript Object Notation JSON
    • Search
    • JSON Schema
    • JSON-LD (Linking Data)
    • Parsers
      • Parsing json with sed and awk
      • How to parse JSON string via command line on Linux (jq)
      • Python
      • command line
        • jsawk
          • resty (script wrapper for curl)
        • jq
          • jq play (interactive player)
          • removal of nodes, by naming nodes to excise #37
            • del()
          • Ús / Usage
            • Tutorial
            • Manual
            • Cookbook
            • jq [options] '<commands>' file.json
            • jq -f file.jq ...
              • file.jq
                • <sequential_command_1> | <sequential_command_2> | (<parallel_command_3.1>), (<parallel_command_3.2>) | ...
            • cat file.json | jq [options] '<commands>'
            • echo $my_var | jq [options] '<commands>'
            • special character
              		 description
              |
              		 separate chained commands
              ()
              		 group commands
              ,
              		 separate parallel commands
              +
              		 concatenate strings
            • Jq to replace text directly on file (like sed -i)
              • jq '...' toto.json
          • Exemples / Examples
            • AWS
            • mostra el contingut del fitxer / show the file content
              • jq '.' toto.json | sponge toto.json
            • mostra el contingut de la variable / show the variable content
              • echo $my_var | jq '.'
            • multiple input files
            • mostra una línia per a cada entrada, amb dos dels camps separats per un espai:
              • jq -r '.[] | [.field_1, .field_2] | join(" ")'
            • posa cada element d'una llista en una sola línia / put each element of an array into a single line
              • toto.json
                • {
                    "llista": [
                      {
                        "nom": "primer",
                        "valor": 1,
                        "preu": 11
                      },
                      {
                        "nom": "segon",
                        "valor": 2,
                        "preu": 22
                      }
                    ]
                  }
              • jq -r '.llista[] | [.nom, .valor | tostring ] | join(" ")' toto.json
                • primer 1
                  segon 2
            • crea un array amb els valors d'un sol dels camps:
              • jq '[.llista[] | .nom]' toto.json
            • posa en una sola línia, un sol camp per a cada entrada:
              • jq '[.llista[] | .nom] | join(" ")' toto.json
              • ordenats:
                • jq '[.llista[] | .nom] | sort | join(" ")' toto.json
              • jq '.llista[] | .nom' toto.json | paste -sd' '
                • "primer" "segon"
              • es pot posar en un array de bash:
                • declare -a my_array
                • (?) my_array=($(echo $my_json | jq '.llista[] | []'jq '.llista[] | .nom' toto.json | paste -sd' '))
                • my_array=($(echo $my_json | jq '.llista[] | .nom' | paste -sd' '))
                • my_array=($(jq '.llista[] | .nom' toto.json | paste -sd' '))
            • posa en una sola línia la clau i el seu valor:
              • jq 'to_entries[] | [.key, .value] | join(" ")' toto.json
              • i es posa en un array associatiu de bash:
                • #!/bin/bash

                  input="{
                  \"el primer\": \"un u\",
                  \"el segon\": \"un dos\",
                  \"el tercer\": \"un tres\"
                  }"

                  declare -A my_array

                  while IFS= read -r element
                  do
                      echo "-- read element from jq: $element"
                      key=$(echo "$element" | awk 'BEGIN{FS="#"} {print $1}')
                      value=$(echo "$element" | awk 'BEGIN{FS="#"} {print $2}')
                      my_array["$key"]="$value"
                  done < <(echo "$input" | jq -r 'to_entries[] | [.key, .value] | join("#")')

                  for key in "${!my_array[@]}"
                  do
                      echo "${key}: ${my_array[$key]}"
                  done

                  exit 0
            • create json
              • jq -n '{foo:"bar",foo2:3}'
              • jq -n '.foo="bar"'
              • jq -n '.[0].foo=1'
            • variables bash
            • Afegeix entrades a una llista / Add entries to a list
              • part_1=$(jq -n '[{foo:"bar",foo2:3}]')
                part_2=$(jq -n '[{foo:"bar2",foo2:4}]')
                part_1=$(echo $part_1 | jq ". += $part_2")
                echo $part_1 | jq '.'
            • Substitució / Replacement
            • Manipulate json as a bash variable:
              • body=$(jq -n '{foo:"bar",foo2:3}')
                echo "${body}" | jq '.'

                body=$(echo "${body}" | jq '. += {foo3:"bar3"}')
                echo "${body}" | jq '.'

                value=bar4
                body=$(echo "${body}" | jq ". += {foo3:\"${value}\"}")
                echo "${body}" | jq '.'

                object=$(jq -cr -n '{foo4:"bar4",foo5:5}')
                echo "${object}" | jq '.'
                body=$(echo "${body}" | jq ". += {foo6:${object}}")
                echo "${body}" | jq '.'
            • Subconjunt / Subset
              • jq '{field1:.field1,field2:.field2}'
            • comprova si existeix my_key / check if my_key exists
              • my_value=$(cat toto.json | jq -r 'if .my_key then .my_key else empty end')
                if ! [ "$my_value" ]
                then
                    exit 1
                fi
            • if "my_key" exists, output "-my_key <my_key_value>"
              • (.my_key | values | tostring | "-my_key "+.),
            • filters
              • @csv
              • @tsv
            • map
              • map(x) is the same as:
                • [.[] | x]
            • find / select
              • ".nginx.applications[] | select(.name ==\"$application_name\") | .record"
              • Només la primera / Only the first occurrence:
                • ".nginx.applications[] | map( select(.name ==\"$application_name\") | .record) | if .[0] then .[0] else empty end"
              • select elements with name="my_prefix...":
                • '.my_list[] | select(.name | startswith("my_prefix") )'
              • How to filter an array of objects based on values in an inner array with jq?
              • boolean
                • select(... and ...)
                • select(... or ...)
              • key and value
                • Select objects based on value of variable in object using jq
                • Filter objects based on tags in an array
                • given the following json:
                  • [
                        {
                            "title": "first",
                            "number": 1,
                            "tags": [
                                {"key": "foo1","value": "bar1"},
                                {"key": "foo2","value": "bar2"}
                            ]
                        },
                        {
                            "title": "second",
                            "number": 2,
                            "tags": [
                                {"key": "foo1","value": "bar2"},
                                {"key": "foo2","value": "bar1"}
                            ]
                        },
                        {
                            "title": "third",
                            "number": 3,
                            "tags": [
                                {"key": "foo1","value": "bar1"}
                            ]
                        }
                    ]
                  • select elements with a tag foo1/bar1 (first, third, but not second):
                    • jq '.[] | select( .tags[] | . and .key=="foo1" and .value=="bar1")'
              • remove empty elements
                • | select( length>0 )
            • Shellscript: loop through a JSON array with jq
              • while IFS= read -r element
                do
                  echo "-- read element from jq: $element"
                done < <(echo "$input" | jq -c '.toto[]')
              • while IFS= read -r; do
                  echo "read content from jq: $REPLY"
                done < <(echo "$input" | jq -c '.toto[]')
              • while IFS= read -r element
                do
                  echo "-- read element from jq: $element"
                done < <(jq -c '.toto[]' $filename)
            • sort (descending) by sum of several fields
              • [
                .[] | ([.components[] | .bandwidth] | add ) as $total_bandwidth |
                .+{tbw:$total_bandwidth}
                ] |
                sort_by(-.tbw)
            • sort and swap first and second elements of an array
              • 'sort_by(-.field_1) | .[1] as $second | .[1] = .[0] | .[0] = $second | .[]'
            • convert json to  ffmpeg parameters
              • .[] |
                [
                  ("-vsync vfr"),
                  (.components[] |
                    if .type!="image" then
                      (if .type=="video" then "v" else "a" end) as $tipus |
                      #.lang
                      "-c:"+$tipus, .codec,
                      (if .codec=="aac" then "-strict -2" else empty end),
                      (.preset | values | if (. | length) > 0 then "-preset "+. else empty end),
                      #(.preset | values | "-"+$tipus+"pre "+.),
                      "-b:"+$tipus, (.bandwidth | tostring),
                      (.channels | values | tostring | "-ac "+.),
                      (if .width then "-vf scale=w="+(.width | tostring)+":h="+(.height | tostring) else empty end),
                      #(if .width then "-vf scale=w="+(.width | tostring)+":h="+(.height | tostring)+":force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease" else empty end),
                      #(if .width then "-vf scale='-2:ceil(min(1\\,min("+(.width | tostring)+"/iw\\,"+(.height | tostring)+"/ih))*ih)'" else empty end),
                      (.gop | values | tostring | "-g "+.),
                      (.profile | values | if (. | length) > 0 then "-profile:"+$tipus+" "+. else empty end),
                      #(.profile | values | if (. | length) > 0 then "-profile "+. else empty end),
                      (.level | values | tostring | "-level "+.),
                      (.keyint_min | values | tostring | "-keyint_min "+.),
                      (.sc_threshold | values | tostring | "-sc_threshold "+.)
                    else
                      empty
                    end
                  ),
                  (.segment_duration | tostring | "-hls_time "+.),
                  (.segment_list_size | tostring | "-hls_list_size "+.),
                  (.segment_wrap | tostring | "-hls_wrap "+.),
                  (.segment_start_number | tostring | "-start_number "+.),
                  .name + ".m3u8"
                ]
                | join(" ")
    • Print
      • cat toto.json | python -m json.tool
    • Documentation
    • Conversion
      • Typson (TypeScript -> json-schema)
  • Debugging Javascript
  • JSONP (wp)
  • Toolkits, Frameworks
    • Comparison of Javascript frameworks
    • CAAT (multi-instance director-based scene-graph manager) (animacions 2D)
    • APE project (Ajax Push Engine)
    • mootools
    • Node.js

      		• name
        		 info
        		 installation
        		 usage
        Node.js
        		Installation of Node.js on system
        		 System:
        • Install NodeJS (Angular JS 1: Tutorial)
        • Mageia
          • urpmi nodejs (also installs npm)
        • CentOS
          • sudo yum install nodejs
        • Debian / Ubuntu
          • sudo apt-get install nodejs-legacy

        nvm Node.js version management:
        installation of several versions of Node.js on user home (~/.nvm/)
        • no need to install Node.js on system
        • npm install -g nvm (NVM in npm is not the right one? #304)
        • curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.0/install.sh | bash
        • (logout and login)
          • source ~/.bashrc
        • see Janus (WebRTC)
        • install and register the latest version of Node.js
          • nvm install node
        • install and register a specific version of Node.js
          • nvm install 7.5
        • set an alias for default
          • nvm alias default 7.5
        • switch to a registered version
          • nvm use default
        • switch to system version
          • nvm use system
        • show current version
          • nvm current
        • list installed versions
          • nvm ls
        • search for a specific version
          • nvm which 7.5
        Package manager
        		 npm
        • Mageia
          • urpmi npm (no needed if installed nodejs)
        • CentOS
          • sudo yum install npm
        • Debian / Ubuntu
          • sudo apt-get install npm
        • npm -g install npm@latest
        • from package.json, install locally to node_modules/
          • npm install
        • registered package (and install globally: -g, to /usr/lib/node_modules/ or ~/.nvm/versions/node/vx.y.z/lib/node_modules/)
          • npm install -g angular-cli
          • [sudo] npm install -g ...
        • install locally (no -g) in node_modules/ and register to package.json (--save):
          • npm install ... -save
        • list of installed packages
          • npm list
        Packages
        		 angular-cli
        		 AngularJS npm install -g angular-cli Used by Eclipse plugin: Angular2 Eclipse
        Bower packages for deployment manager
        • frameworks
        • libraries
        • assets
        • utilities

        		 npm install -g bower
        • from bower.json, install to your_project/app/bower_components/
          • bower install
        • registered package
        CoffeeScript little language that compiles into JavaScript npm install -g coffee-script
        Grunt Javascript task runner
        http-server
        		 HTTP server
        		 npm install -g http-server
      • npm
    • AngularJS (Google)
    • ember.js (wp)
    • jQuery (wp)
    • qooxdoo (wp)
  • Video players (HTML5)
  • Editors
  • Packages
  • Beautifier
  • Exemples / Examples
    • Des d'HTML / From HTML
    • <script type="text/javascript" src="js/toto.js"></script>
    • <script type='text/javascript' language='javascript'>
        ...
      </script>
    • background colour for "a":
      • <a onfocus="this.style.background='yellow'" onblur="this.style.background=''">
      • or, in css:
        • a:focus {background-color: yellow;}
    • redirection
      • document.location.href = http://...
    • location
      • Location object (w3schools)
      • Parsing URLs
      • location: http://example.com:8000/toto1/toto2.html#part2

        		• value
          location.href http://example.com:8000/toto1/toto2.html#part2
          location.protocol http:
          location.host example.com:8000
          location.hostname example.com
          location.port 8000
          location.pathname /toto1/toto2.html#part2 (?)
          location.hash #part2
    • relative href to a different port:
      • Relative URL to a different port number in a hyperlink?
      • http://192.168.1.10:8080/index.html 
      • // To deal with urls that imply a change of port, on the same server.
        // They begin with ":".
        document.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
          var target = event.target;
          if (target.tagName.toLowerCase() == 'a')
          {
            var parts = target.getAttribute('href').match(/^:(\d+)(.*)/);
            if (parts)
            {
              var adreca_aboluta = location.protocol+"//"+location.hostname+":"+parts[1]+parts[2];
              target.setAttribute('href', adreca_absoluta);
            }
          }
        }, false);
      • <body>
        ...
        <a href=":8000/otherpage.html">Other page on the other port at the same server</a>
        ...
        </body>
      • In this case, before changing the values, they are the following:
        • target="http://192.168.1.10:8080/:8000"
        • target.port="8080"
        • target.getAttribute('href')=":8000"
    • Simple output:
      • <p>Here is the port:
        <script type="text/javascript">
        document.write(location.port);
        </script>
        </p>
    • Alert pop-up:
      • alert("Target port is: "+target.port);
    • Debug information:
    • Emmagatzematge / Storage
    • Data / Date

TypeScript

DOM (Document Object Model)

Dart

Java

Gràfics vectorials / Vectorial graphics


version profile features subsets software used by samples
scripting audio video µDOM SMIL implementation authoring tools players
sync animation
SVG 1.1 full - - - -



Flame Project? (compilation)

mobile tiny (cellphone)

Laser v1? GPAC

TinyLine
basic (PDA)






1.2 full x x x x x x





mobile tiny Laser v2 GPAC

Adobe Flash
  • Adobe Flash
    • Test
    • Install
      • navegador / browser
        		 paquet del sistema / system package
        		 comprovació de la instal·lació / installation check
        		 activació / activation
        		 notes
        repo
        		 package filename
        		 package name
        		 provided file
        Chrome
        		 -
        		 -
        		 -
        		 -
        		 chrome://components/ chrome://settings/content/flash Chrome 61: Si s'activa l'opció «Pregunta-m'ho abans» (que no preguntarà mai), s'activa la llista blanca («Permet») i només aquells llocs que hi estiguin llistats tindran permís per a executar Flash.
        Firefox
        		 Adobe Flash Player flash-player-npapi-27.0.0.130-release.x86_64.rpm
        		 flash-plugin - Adobe Flash Player NPAPI
        		 /usr/lib64/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so -> /usr/lib64/flash-plugin/libflashplayer.so
        		 about:addons
        • Shockwave Flash


  • Programari / Software
  • Dispositius mòbils / Mobile devices

Altres llenguatges / Other languages (parsers)

Desenvolupament / Development

Serveis web / Web services

Message-oriented middleware
  • Info
  • Protocols
  • Implementations
    • Apache ActiveMQ
    • Apache Kafka (LinkedIn) (wp)
    • Apache Qpid (wp)
    • RabbitMQ
      • Instal·lació / Installation
        • Mageia
          • Mageia >5, < 5
            • urpmi rabbitmq-server
          • Mageia ==5
            • Bug 15120 - rabbitmq-server new security issues fixed upstream in 3.4.1 and 3.4.3
            • Install from download:
              • rpm --import https://www.rabbitmq.com/rabbitmq-signing-key-public.asc
              • valid versions
                • urpmi https://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.5.7/rabbitmq-server-3.5.7-1.noarch.rpm
              • invalid versions
                • urpmi https://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.1/rabbitmq-server-3.6.1-1.noarch.rpm
                • urpmi https://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.0/rabbitmq-server-3.6.0-1.noarch.rpm
                  • WARNING: rabbitmq 3.6.0-1 requires erlang "R16B03","5.10.4"; Mageia 5 provides erlang R16B02
            • dependencies
              • urpmi erlang-mnesia erlang-os_mon erlang-xmerl erlang-inets erlang-eldap erlang-public_key erlang-ssl erlang-tools erlang-compilererlang-syntax_tools erlang-crypto
          • systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
          • systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
          • systemctl status rabbitmq-server.service
        • Ubuntu
          • sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server
        • CentOS
        • AWS EC2
          • Amazon EC2 (official RabbitMQ site)
          • Problemes / Problems
            • database is stored in a dir named after the own ip address, and when the address changes (using AMI to creae new instances) the database is lost
        • Port
        • Accessible from outside (default is ipv6 ::1 only)
          • /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config (IMPORTANT: if this is the only entry in rabbit section, do not add comma at the end)
            • [
               {rabbit,
                [
                 {tcp_listeners, [{"0.0.0.0", 5672},
                                  {"::1",       5672}]}
              ...
          • from external computer:
            • nmap -p 5672 <rabbitmq_server_ip_address>
            • ...
        • Check the status
          • systemctl status rabbitmq-server
            • should return:
              • Active: active (running)
            • and not:
              • Active: active (exited)
          • rabbitmqctl status
        • Problemes / Problems
          • check /var/log/rabbitmq/startup_{log, _err}
            • E.g.:
              • {"init terminating in do_boot",{could_not_start,rabbit,{{erlang_version_too_old,{found,"R16B02","5.10.3"},{required,"R16B03","5.10.4"}},{rabbit,start,[normal,[]]}}}}
          • rabbitmqctl ...
            • Error: unable to connect to node rabbit@localhost: nodedown
              • Solució / Solution
                • rabbitmqctl -n rabbit@ip-172-31-20-115 -p celery_vhost list_queues
          • journalctl -u rabbitmq-server / systemctl status rabbitmq-server.service
            • Failed to start RabbitMQ broker
              • Solució / Solution
                • setsebool -P nis_enabled 1
                • moreover, if you tried to manually start rabbitmq server (sudo /usr/lib/rabbitmq/bin/rabbitmq-server), some files and dirs may have wrong owner (root instead of rabbitmq):
                  • journalctl -u rabbitmq-server
                    • {error,{could_not_write_file,"/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@ip-xxxx/cluster_nodes.config",...
                  • sudo rm -rf /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/
                  • sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
            • Event crashed log handler: (empty /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@...log)
              • Solució / Solution
                • update from erlang-...-R16B-03.16.el7.x86_64 -> erlang-...-R16B-03.18.el7.x86_64
      • Configuració / Setup
      • Eines / Tools
        • rabbitmqctl
          • "Only root or rabbitmq should run rabbitmqctl"
          • rabbitmqctl status
          • rabbitmqctl list_queues name messages_ready messages_unacknowledged
          • rabbitmqctl list_exchanges
          • usuaris / users
            • rabbitmqctl list_users
            • rabbitmqctl add_user <username> <password>
            • rabbitmqctl add_vhost <my_vhost>
            • rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
            • rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p <my_vhost> <username> ".*" ".*" ".*"
            • set administrator privileges:
              • rabbitmqctl set_user_tags <username_administrator> administrator
          • queues
        • rabbitmqadmin
          • you need to activate rabbitmq_management plugin
          • download it from http://localhost:15672/cli/:
            • curl -O http://localhost:15672/cli/rabbitmqadmin
            • chmod +x rabbitmqadmin
          • used username has to have administration permission
          • queues
            • list
              • rabbitmqadmin -V celery_vhost -u <username_administrator> -p <my_password> list queues
            • purge
              • rabbitmqadmin -V celery_vhost -u <username_administrator> -p <my_password> purge queue name=<queue_name>
      • Plugins
      • Used by
      • Concepts


        		exchange
        		 publish
        		 bind
        		 queue


        		name
        		 type
        		 routing_key
        		 routing_key
        Hello World
        		 producer
        		 ''
        		'hello'
        		'hello'

        		consumer



        		'hello'
        Work queues producer ''
        		'task_queue'
        		'task_queue'

        		consumer



        		'task_queue'
        Publish / Subscribe
        		 producer 'logs'
        		 'fanout'



        		consumer 'logs' 'fanout'
        		-
        		 'amq.gen-xxxx'
        Routing
        		 producer 'direct_logs'
        		 'direct'
        		 severity


        		consumer 'direct_logs' 'direct'
        		severity
        		 'amq.gen-xxxx'
        Topics
        		 producer 'topic_logs'
        		 'topic'
        		 x.y.z


        		consumer 'topic_logs' 'topic'
        		x.y.z
        		 'amq.gen-xxxx'
        RPC
        		 producer





        		consumer




      • Tutorials (rabbitmq-tutorials)

        		 concepts
        		 code


        		producer
        		 consumer
        Hello World
        • channel
        • queue
        • exchange
        		#!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        		 #!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
        channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                              routing_key='hello',
                              body='Hello World!')
        print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"        		 print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'

        def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
            print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)

        channel.basic_consume(callback,
                              queue='hello',
                              no_ack=True)

        channel.start_consuming()
        connection.close()
        Work queues
        • round-robin dispatching
        • acknowledgements
        • durability
        		#!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika
        import sys

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        		 #!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika
        import time

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True) channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
        message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "Hello World!"
        channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                              routing_key='task_queue',
                              body=message,
                              properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                                 delivery_mode = 2, # make message persistent
                              ))
        print " [x] Sent %r" % (message,)        		 print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C'

        def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
            print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
            time.sleep( body.count('.') )
            print " [x] Done"
            ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

        channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
        channel.basic_consume(callback,
                              queue='task_queue')

        channel.start_consuming()
        connection.close()
        Publish / Subscribe
        • exchange
          • direct
          • topic
          • header
          • fanout
        • temporary queues
        • binding
        		#!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika
        import sys

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        		 #!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                                 type='fanout')        		 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                                 type='fanout')

        		result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
        queue_name = result.method.queue

        		channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',
                           queue=queue_name)
        message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
        channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
                              routing_key='',
                              body=message)
        print " [x] Sent %r" % (message,)        		 print ' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C'

        def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
            print " [x] %r" % (body,)

        channel.basic_consume(callback,
                              queue=queue_name,
                              no_ack=True)

        channel.start_consuming()
        connection.close()
        Routing
        • exchange
          • direct
        		#!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika
        import sys

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        		 #!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika
        import sys

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                                 type='direct')        		 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                                 type='direct')

        		result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
        queue_name = result.method.queue

        		severities = sys.argv[1:]
        if not severities:
            print >> sys.stderr, "Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]" % \
                                 (sys.argv[0],)
            sys.exit(1)

        for severity in severities:
            channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                               queue=queue_name,
                               routing_key=severity)
        severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
        message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
        channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
                              routing_key=severity,
                              body=message)
        print " [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message)        		 print ' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C'

        def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
            print " [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body,)

        channel.basic_consume(callback,
                              queue=queue_name,
                              no_ack=True)

        channel.start_consuming()
        connection.close()
        Topics
        • exchange
          • topic
        		#!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika
        import sys

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        		 #!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika
        import sys

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))
        channel = connection.channel()
        channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                                 type='topic')        		 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                                 type='topic')

        		result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
        queue_name = result.method.queue

        		binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
        if not binding_keys:
            print >> sys.stderr, "Usage: %s [binding_key]..." % (sys.argv[0],)
            sys.exit(1)

        for binding_key in binding_keys:
            channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                               queue=queue_name,
                               routing_key=binding_key)
        routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
        message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
        channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
                              routing_key=routing_key,
                              body=message)
        print " [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message)        		 print ' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C'

        def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
            print " [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body,)

        channel.basic_consume(callback,
                              queue=queue_name,
                              no_ack=True)

        channel.start_consuming()
        connection.close()
        RPC
        • callback queue
        • correlation_id
        • reply_to
        		#!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika
        import uuid

        class FibonacciRpcClient(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                        host='localhost'))

                self.channel = self.connection.channel()

                result = self.channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
                self.callback_queue = result.method.queue

                self.channel.basic_consume(self.on_response, no_ack=True,
                                           queue=self.callback_queue)

            def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):
                if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id:
                    self.response = body

            def call(self, n):
                self.response = None
                self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
                self.channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                                           routing_key='rpc_queue',
                                           properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                                                 reply_to = self.callback_queue,
                                                 correlation_id = self.corr_id,
                                                 ),
                                           body=str(n))
                while self.response is None:
                    self.connection.process_data_events()
                return int(self.response)

        fibonacci_rpc = FibonacciRpcClient()

        print " [x] Requesting fib(30)"
        response = fibonacci_rpc.call(30)
        print " [.] Got %r" % (response,)

        		 #!/usr/bin/env python
        import pika

        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
                host='localhost'))

        channel = connection.channel()

        channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue')

        def fib(n):
            if n == 0:
                return 0
            elif n == 1:
                return 1
            else:
                return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

        def on_request(ch, method, props, body):
            n = int(body)

            print " [.] fib(%s)"  % (n,)
            response = fib(n)

            ch.basic_publish(exchange='',
                             routing_key=props.reply_to,
                             properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id = \
                                                             props.correlation_id),
                             body=str(response))
            ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

        channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
        channel.basic_consume(on_request, queue='rpc_queue')

        print " [x] Awaiting RPC requests"
        channel.start_consuming()
    • Mosquitto
      • Info
      • Instal·lació / Installation
        • Mageia
          • urpmi mosquitto
        • Debian (Raspberry Pi)
          • ...
      • Ús / Usage
        • servidor / server
          • systemctl enable mosquitto.service
          • systemctl start mosquitto.service
        • client
          • producer
            • mosquitto_pub -h <broker> -t <topic> -m <message>
            • rtl_433 -F "mqtt://localhost:1883"
          • consumer
            • mosquitto_sub -h <broker> -t <topic>
            • subscribe to all topics
              • mosquitto_sub -v -t '#'
      • ...

    • ...

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