Telecom

Index

General

OSI ISO

interfícies / interfaces implementació / implementation distribució / distribution interconn. subcapa / sublayer
PDU OSI Internet 






capa / layer funció / function exemple de correus / post example capa / layer






data host layers 7 aplicació / application Network process to application manager (write letter) Application
(procés)
ping





data 6 presentació / presentation Data representation and encryption assistant (correct, format letter)
sockets



data 5 sessió / session Interhost communication secretary (envelope)



Transport
(host to host)
TCP
RTP (2p) RTCP (2p+1) XTP SCTP
UDP
(ports)



segment 4 transport End-to-end connections and reliability driver (to post office)

OpenWRT (cfg) encaminador / router
packet media layers 3 xarxa / network Path determination and logical addressing intake and sorting Internet

ICMP (unicast), IGMP (multicast) EGP IGP
IP (v4, v6)
ARP / RARP
NDIS, ODI

Network access


LLC (802.2) frame 2 enllaç / link Physical addressing packaging
ethernet (802.3) AVB
wifi (802.11) wimax (802.16) token ring fddi token bus ppp wan frame relay atm DVB TS DVB GS

pont, commutador  / bridge, switch MAC



repetidor / hub
bit 1 físic / physical Media, signal and binary transmission loading
10baseT
100baseT
802.11a
802.11b
802.11g
DVB mod DAB

Operadores / Operators

Tel.mòbil Tel.fixa Internet Cable (*) Portal

pers empr



Aló


Vodafone Airtel Airtel Net
Navegalia Vizzavi


BT


Euskaltel

Flash10

Jazztel (t) Jazzfree


Madritel


Ola


Ono
Amena Retevisión (t) Iddeo
eresMas
Menta Auna


Sinple


Telefónica Móviles Telefónica Teleline
Terra

Uni2 Al-pi @bono (c)
CTV-JET

Wanadoo
(webmail)

ADSL (banda ampla / broadband)

ADSL + mòbil




Orange
Movistar
Vodafone
Jazztel


Canguro 35
Canguro 45
Fusion Mini 4G
Fusion 4G
Base GB
Smart S
Smart M
Xarxa S
Xarxa M
Pack ahorro 100
Pack ahorro sin límite
ADSL

20
20
10
10
20/35
30
30
fix a fix
nacional
il·limitades
il·limitades
il·limitades
il·limitades 3000'
5000'
5000'

internacional
-
-
-
-



fix a mòbil

1000'
1000'
-
500' (c.set.)
50' (dl-dv)
350' (c.set.)
-
120'
mòbil
trucades
150'
il·limitades
100'
il·limitades
0¤/min (0,1815¤/trucada)
200'
200'
il·limitades
il·limitades
100'
il·limitades

dades
300MB
1GB
100MB
1GB
1GB
600MB
1,2GB
600MB
1,2GB
100MB
1GB

sms
0,11¤/sms
1000 sms

il·limitats 0,12¤/sms 0,12¤/sms 0,12¤/sms il·limitats il·limitats
0,10¤/sms

terminal
tienda










paguen permanència









no

preu













línia




0 (VoIP)
14,99+iva
14,99+iva

ADSL




24,20ii 18,15ii 19,99+iva
19,95+iva

mòbil




11,00ii
18,00ii
25,00ii
30,00ii
36,00ii
0
10,00+iva
total ¤

35
45
34,9
49,9





34,94
44,94
total ¤ iva inclòs

42,35ii 54,45ii 42,2ii 60,37ii 35,20ii 42,20ii 49,20ii 48,15ii 54,15ii 42,27ii 54,37ii


Associacions

Protocols

Internet Protocol (IP)

  • Internet suit protocol (Wikipedia)
  • Subnetwork (Wikipedia)
  • class leading bits start end default submask CIDR notation use
    A 0xxxxxxx.X.X.X 1.0.0.0 126.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 /8
    B 10xxxxxx.X.X.X 128.0.0.0 191.255.0.0 255.255.0.0 /16
    C 110xxxxx.X.X.X 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 /24
    D 1110xxxx.X.X.X 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.0

    multicast
    E 1111xxxx.X.X.X 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.0

    reserved
  • Private networks (RFC 3330 "Special-Use IPv4 addresses"):
    range CIDR notation
    10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 /8
    169.254.0.0/16 /16
    172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 /12
    192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 /16
  • Multicast
    • Programari multicast / Multicast software
    • Internet Multicast Addresses (IANA) (224.0.0.0/4 -> 11100000.0.0.0):
      start end notation block notes
      224.0.0.0 224.0.0.255 224.0.0/24 Local Network Control TTL=1 (not forwarded by routers)
      224.0.1.0 224.0.1.255 224.0.1/24 Internetwork Control global
      224.0.2.0 224.0.255.255
      Ad-hoc I
      224.1.0.0
      224.1.255.255
      224.1/16
      Reserved
      224.2.0.0 224.2.255.255 224.2/16 SDP/SAP
      (SAPv1: 224.2.127.254)
      224.3.0.0 224.4.255.255
      224.3/16, 224.4/16
      Ad-hoc II
      224.5.0.0
      224.251.255.255
      251/16s
      Reserved

      224.252.0.0
      224.255.255.255
      224.252/14
      DIS Transient Groups

      225.0.0.0
      231.255.255.255
      7/8s
      Reserved

      232.0.0.0
      232.255.255.255
      232/8
      Source-specific multicast

      233.0.0.0 233.251.255.255 233.0.0.0/8 GLOP RFC 2770 (AS number)
      233.252.0.0
      233.255.255.255
      233.252/14
      Ad-hoc III

      234.0.0.0
      234.255.255.255

      Unicast-prefix-based

      235.0.0.0
      238.255.255.255

      Scoped multicast ranges: reserved

      239.0.0.0
      239.255.255.255

      Scoped multicast ranges: organization-local scope
      RFC 2365
    • MAC multicast addresses (Cisco):



      01:00:5e:00:00:00 01:00:5e:7f:ff:ff IANA multicast



      multicast: xxxx xxx1: xxxx xxxx : xxxx xxxx : xxxx xxxx
  • TCP/IP handbook (pdf)
  • sendip: Send arbitrary IP packets
    • urpmi sendip
  • Packet size

P2P (Peer-to-peer)

Modulacions / Modulations


2
4
8
16
32
64
256
QAM

4-QAM

16-QAM
32-QAM
64-QAM
256-QAM
PSK
BPSK
QPSK
8-PSK




APSK



16-APSK
32-APSK


DVB-T, DVB-T2
DVB-S, DVB-S2

Intel·ligència ambiental / Ambient intelligence

ITU International Telecommunication Union


sector
study group
working party
question
publications / recommendations (series structure) ISO/IEC joint
ITU-R Radiocommunication (pub)
SG1

WP1A
Spectrum engineering techniques



WP1B
Spectrum management methodologies and economic strategies



WP1C
Spectrum monitoring



SG3
WP3J
Propagation fundamentals



WP3K
Point-to-area propagation



WP3L
Ionospheric propagation and radio noise



WP3M
Point-to-point and Earth-space propagation



SG4
WP4A
Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for FSS and BSS



WP4B
Systems, air interfaces, performance and availability objectives for FSS, BSS and MSS, including IP-based



WP4C
Efficient orbit/spectrum utilization for MSS and RDSS



SG5
WP5A
Land mobile service above 30 MHz (excluding IMT); wireless access in the fixed service; amateur and amateur-satellite services



WP5B
Maritime mobile service including Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS); aeronautical mobile service and radiodetermination service



WP5C
Fixed wireless systems; HF and other systems below 30 MHz in the fixed and land mobile services



WP5D
IMT Systems



SG6
WP6A
Terrestrial broadcasting delivery


WP6B
Broadcast service assembly and access


WP6C
Programme production and quality assessment


SG7
WP7B
Space radiocommunication applications



WP7C
Remote sensing systems



WP7D
Radio astronomy



ITU-T Standardization
(series structure)(pub)
TSAG
Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group





SG2
Operational aspects of service provision and telecommunications management





SG3 Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunication economic and policy issues





SG5 Environment and climate change





SG9 Television and sound transmission and integrated broadband cable networks



APIs for interactive TV

SG11 Signalling requirements, protocols and test specifications





SG12 Performance, QoS and QoE





SG13 Future networks including mobile and NGN

Q21/13
Future Networks

JTC 1 / SC 6 / WG7 (Network and transport layers)
SG15 Optical transport networks and access network infrastructures

Q4
Transceivers for customer access and in-premises networking systems on metallic conductors



...



SG16 Multimedia coding, systems and applications (structure)
PLEN
Plenary
...



WP1 Network signal processing and voiceband terminals ...



WP2 Applications and systems Q13 Multimedia application platforms and end systems for IPTV
...



WP3
Media coding Q6
Visual coding / Video Coding Experts Group VCEG (wp)
Flyers:
H.2(?)
JTC 1SC 29 / WG 11 (MPEG)
Q7



Q8



Q9



Q10



SG17 Security





ITU-D Development (pub)










Estàndards / Standards

OMA (Open Mobile Alliance)

Comercial

Dispositius mòbils / Wireless devices

GPS

ICT

Publicacions / Publications

Programari / Software 

Transmissió per àudio /Audio transmission

Ràdio / Radio

Tarifes

Fax

VoIP 

WAP

Xarxes / Networks

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