Synology

Índex

General
- ssh
- Backup and sync
  - backup
  - sync
- rsync
- NFS
- ...

General

Synology
- Synology Account
  - Devices
    - QuickConnect
      - https://quickconnect.to/<my_quick_connect_id>
      - s'estableix des de:
        
        DSM 4
        
        Control Panel -> Network Services -> QuickConnect
        
        però no apareixerà a la pàgina de Synology Account
        
        però funciona?
        
        connect.to: no
        
        Cloud Station: sí que es troba des d'un altre NAS
        
        DSM 7
        
        Control Panel -> Connectivity -> External Access -> QuickConnect
      - usos:
        
        accés a l'administració des de fora (no cal obrir ports a l'encaminador)
        
        ...
    - Synology DDNS
      - <my_synology_ddns_hostname>.synology.me
      - adreça dinàmica: actualitza l'adreça numèrica / dynamic address
      - s'estableix des de:
        
        DSM 4
        
        Control Panel -> Network Services ->DDNS
        
        Add
        
        Service provider: Synology
        
        Register now (una de les següents)
        
        Create a Synology account and register a new hostname
        
        Register a new hostname with an existing Synology account
        
        Hostname: yyyy.synology.me
        
        Email: ...
        
        Heartbeat: Enable
        
        Password: xxxx (el de Synology Account)
        
        Hostname: (el que acabeu de crear)
        
        Problemes:
        
        ja en teníeu un d'afegit, però ara us diu «Status: Hostname does not exist. Please check if you have created the hostname on the website of the server provider»
        
        Solució
        
        us deu haver caducat el hostname (haureu rebut missatges de correu electrònic)
        
        creeu-lo una altra vegada: Register now -> Register a new hostname with an existing Synology account
        
        Test Connection. Us hauria de sortir «Status: Normal»
        
        DSM 7
        
        Control Panel -> Connectivity -> External Access ->DDNS
      - usos:
        
        connexió des de fora de casa (cal obrir ports a l'encaminador)
        
        ...

Accés / Access


xarxa local	diskstation.local diskstation.home synologynas.local synologynas.home
QuickConnect	https://quickconnect.to/my_quickconnect_id
SynologyDDNS	my_synology_ddns.synology.me

Cerca / Search
- els noms acabats en .local utilitzen zeroconf / bonjour
  - haureu d'instal·lar avahi a l'ordinador local des d'on voleu accedir al NAS
  - obriu els ports per a zeroconf
- https://finds.synology.com/
  - si troba el NAS, s'hi connectarà fent servir l'adreça ip numèrica
  - perquè apareixi com a resultat en aquesta cerca, cal haver activat el permís:
  - NOTA: si heu canviat el nom del servidor (Control Panel -> Network -> General -> Server Name), aquest procediment potser no trobarà el NAS. Caldrà posar directament:
    - http://<my_server_name>.local:5000/
- Default server name / hostname:
  - DSM 4: DiskStation / diskstation
  - DSM 6/7: SynologyNAS / synologynas
- Synology Assistant
  - Download
  - install to: /opt
  - urpmi ...
  - Open the firewall (List of ports that the Synology products uses)
  - /opt/SynologyAssistant/SynologyAssistant
- Debug
  - Router
    - busqueu si a la llista de dispositius connectats us apareix el NAS (MAC: 00:11:32:x:x:x)
    - si el NAS no aconsegueix registar-se al servidor DNS del router, desconnecteu el cable de xarxa i torneu a connectar-lo al cap d'una estona
  - wireshark
    - busqueu: Source 00:11:32:x:x:x (Synology_x:x:x)
      - Display filter: eth.addr[0:3] == 00:11:32
    - Who has 169.254.40.53? (ARP Probe)

		NAS				client
Application	Description	DSM 4	DSM 6	DSM 7	dir	client PC	client web	mobile app	TV app
Administration						ssh	http://<my_server_name>.local:5000/ https://<my_server_name>.local:5001/ http://diskstation.local:5000/ http://synologynas.local:5000/ https://synologynas.local:5001/	DS finder
Files (Shared Folders)	Upload / download between devices (PC...) and NAS		File Station			rsync NFS	http://diskstation.local:7000/ http://synologynas.local:7000/	DS file
Download Station	Download from Internet to NAS							DS get
Backup and sync	Sync folders and files between: NAS - PC NAS - NAS	Network Backup (server) Backup and Restore (client)	Cloud Station Server (server) Cloud Station ShareSync (NAS client)	Synology Drive whitepaper Synology Drive Server (server) (help) Synology Drive ShareSync (NAS client)		Synology Drive Client		DS cloud Synology Drive
Backup			Hyper Backup (server)	Hyper Backup (server)
Notes			Note Station					DS note
Photo	Manage, view pictures		Photo Station	Synology Photos	Personal space: /homes/.../Photo/ Shared space: /volume1/photo/		http://diskstation.local/photo/ http://diskstation.home/photo/ Login Portal -> Applications -> Synology Photos	DS photo Synology Photos (DSM 7.0)
			Synology Moments	Synology Photos				Synology Moments
Audio	Manage, view audios		Audio Station					DS audio
Video	Manage, view videos		Video Station	Video Station			http://diskstation.home/video/	DS video (DSM 5.2)	x
Surveillance	Surveillance cameras		Surveillance Station					DS cam

DSM

DSM 4
- Synology DiskStation User's Guide (pdf)
  - Chapter 9
    - Sync Shared Folder Contents between DiskStations
DSM 7.0
Release Notes for DS220+

Help

DSM
- Storage Manager
  - Storage Pool
    - Choose a RAID Type
  - Volume
    - Which file system should I use to create a volume?

Package

Photo

...

	DSM <7	DSM 7
access	Photo Station	Synology Photos
album / folder	Album folder name (dir in filesystem, cannot be modified) album name (label, can be modified)	Folder (dir in filesystem)
album	Smart Album (tag-like)	Album (tag-like)
	Category
shared space	web access: http://disksation.local/photo/ storage: /var/services/photo/	web access: http://synologynas.local/photo/ Photos / Shared space storage: /var/services/photo/
personal space	web access: http://diskstation.local/~username/photo/ storage: /var/services/homes/ <username>/ photo/	web access: http://synologynas.local/photo/ Photos / Personal space storage: /var/services/homes/ <username>/ Photos/ MobileBackup/ <device_name>/ PhotoLibrary/ <year>/ <month>/

Synology Photos (DSM 7)
Photo Station (DSM <7)

Utility
Mobile

Aplicacions
- Feature comparison between Synology Photos, Photo Station, and Synology Moments
Photo Station
- http://diskstation.home/photo
- http://diskstation.local/photo
- http://<server_ip_address>/photo/
- Users
  - admin user can change Settings / General
    - Account system: DSM accounts (accounts from DSM will be used, instead of specific accounts for Photo Station)
- Public / Private
  - Settings / Photos / Access Permission
- Personal Photo Station
  1. from DSM dashboard
    - top right user icon: Options / Photo Station: Enable Personal Photo Station
  2. from Photo Station
    - Settings / General / Personal Photo Station
- file structure
  - Personal Space: /volume1/homes/<username>/Photo/
    - PhotoLibrary/
      - <year>/<month>/
    - <my_folder_1>
  - Shared Space: /volume1/photo/ (owner: drwxr-xr-x nobody.nobody (DSM 4), drwxrwxrwx+ SynologyPhotos.SynologyPhotos (DSM 7))
    - album_1/ (owner: drwxrwxrwx nobody.nobody (DSM 4)) folder_1/ (owner: ... username.users (DSM 7))
      - im_1.jpeg
      - im_2.jpeg
      - @eaDir/
        
        im_1.jpeg/
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_B.jpg
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_L.jpg
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_M.jpg
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_S.jpg
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_XL.jpg
        
        im_2.jpeg/
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_B.jpg
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_L.jpg
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_M.jpg
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_S.jpg
        
        SYNOPHOTO:THUMB_XL.jpg
    - album_2/
    - @eaDir/
      - album_1/
        
        SYNOPHOTO_ALBUM.sort
      - album_2/
        
        SYNOPHOTO_ALBUM.sort
- logs
  - /var/log/cstn/client.log
- Problemes / Problems
  - When creating an album: "The system failed to perform the requested operation, there is an unknown error"
    - /var/log/cstn/client.log
      - [WARNING] worker.cpp(925): UploadLocal: '/volume1/photo/@eaDir/album_toto/SYNOPHOTO_ALBUM.sort' cannot be uploaded (blocked: -4)
    - ls -l album_toto
      - -rw-rw-rw- 1 nobody nobody 21 Oct 12 18:07 SYNOPHOTO_ALBUM.sort
    - newly created album does not appear in the web page
- thumbnail script
- - Script Pour Créer Les Thumbnails
  - Control Panel -> Photo Station -> Re-index (per a evitar fotos verticals deformades)
Synology wiki
Mertymade Synology Packages
- Config File Editor
Android apps
Usuaris / Users
- What services/packages are affected when I disable the default "admin" account?
- switch to root
  - DSM 4
    - ssh root@diskstation.local
  - DSM 7
    - ssh myuser@synologynas.local
      - sudo -i
      - (sudo su -)
- change user password
  - synouser --setpw myuser newpassword
ssh access
- Synology
- - Control Panel -> Terminal -> Enable SSH service
- client:
- - ssh root@diskstation.local
  - ssh myuser@diskstation.local
- ssh for users other than admin (DSM 4):
- - Stage 1 of rsync work
  - may be needed by rsync
  - ssh root@diskstation.local (or use Config File Editor)
  - - edit (e.g. using vi) /etc/ssh/sshd_config (don't put this line after a Match User ...):
    - - # DO NOT FORGET root user AllowUsers = root user1
    - edit /etc/passwd:
    - 1. for user1, change
      /sbin/nologin
      
      /bin/sh
    - restart sshd service:
      - # /usr/syno/sbin/sshd
- ssh without password
ordres / commands

Synology Toolset


/bin	...
/sbin	blockdev dhcp6c dmsetup e2fsck fdisck ...
/usr/bin	a2p ...
/usr/sbin	statd telnetd
/usr/syno/bin	7z convert-thumb -> convert SYNOClearTdb syno_disck_ctl syno_hdd_util syno_poweroff_task synoactltool synoauth synoautoblock synoblog_backup
/usr/syno/sbin	syno ... synoservice ...

Syno command documentation
services
- synoservice --help
- synoservice --list
- Exemples / Examples
- - synoservice --start pgsl
  - synoservice --start synoindexd
base de dades / database
- /volume1/@database/
- PostgreSQL

logs
- ssh root@diskstation.local
- Photo Station
Shared Folder
- Control Panel -> Shared Folder
  - IMPORTANT: when deleting a shared folder, it will not only be unshared, but DELETED from file system
  - to unshare a shared folder:
    - ...
  - to share a manually created folder (mkdir /volume1/my_new_folder):
    - just add it from Shared Folder
- default shared folders
  - /volume1/
    - homes/
    - NetBackup/
    - photo/
- sync
  - shared folder(s) can be synced using "Shared Folder Sync" to a destination server
Cloud Station
- NOTE: EOL; replaced by Synology Drive Server (feature differences)
- Install
  - DSM 4
    - Package Center
    - download / Package / CloudStation
- Components
  - Cloud Station Server
  - Cloud Station Drive
  - Cloud Station Backup
  - Cloud Station ShareSync
  - DS Cloud
Synology Drive Server
- Install
  - DSM 4
    - (was Cloud Station)
    - ?
  - DSM 7
    - Package Center
      - latest version: 3.0.2
- Components
  - Synology Drive Admin Console
  - Synology Drive
  - Synology Drive ShareSync
    - NAS - NAS
    - open: Main Menu (top left) -> Synology Drive Share Sync
    - ...

Backup and sync

Backup:

backup			to (server)			pros/cons	info
			DSM 4	DSM 6	DSM 7
from (client)	DSM 4	Backup and Restore Backup Destination type: Network Backup fa servir rsync; no torna a enviar els fitxers que ja hi ha a la destinació fitxers que s'esborren a la font: només s'esborraran a la destinació si l'opció "Reserve the backed up files at the destination" està deshabilitatda	Control Panel - Network Backup Network Backup Enable network backup service		enable rsync		How do I back up data from one Synology NAS to another Synology NAS (based on DSM 4.x and DSM 5.x)?
	DSM 6/7	HyperBackup			HyperBackup ports: 6281 (Remote NAS device) 873 and 22 (rsync) 5005 and 5006 (WebDAV)	cons: Quick Connect is not supported	How do I back up my data to a remote Synology NAS or file server using Hyper Backup?
		...

Sync:

sync	sync from client ↓		to (server)			info
			DSM 4	DSM 6	DSM 7
		rsync (cli)
from (client)	DSM 4	Backup and Restore Shared Folder Sync source (any entry in Control Panel -> Shared Folder, that will be created under /volume1/) manually newly created dir is not display add it in Control Panel -> Shared Folder destination to connect to a remote server, not in the same local network: si es fa servir Synology DDNS del servidor de destinació, caldrà obrir ports a l'encaminador els fitxers que hi ha a la destinació però no a la font, seran esborrats els fitxers que s'han esborrat a la font també s'esborraran a la destinació	Control Panel - Network Backup Shared Folder Sync Enable Shared Folder Sync service		File Services -> rsync: enable rsync
	DSM 4	Cloud Station ShareSync ...			...
	DSM 6	Cloud Station ShareSync		Cloud Station Server
	DSM 7	rsync (cli) list of shared modules `rsync my_remote_user@diskstation.home::` ...
	DSM 7	File Services -> Advanced: Shared Folder Sync "Shared Folder Sync is a one-way sync solution, syncing the files from the source to the destination. For a 2-way sync solution, please use Synology Drive ShareSync." from specified Control Panel -> Shared Folder(s) destination: when "Test connection" "The "Shared Folder Sync" is not enabled" got to destination NAS and ... els fitxers que hi ha a la destinació però no a la font, seran esborrats els fitxers que s'han esborrat a la font també s'esborraran a la destinació / files that have been removed from the source will also be removed from the destination.	Control Panel - Network Backup Shared Folder Sync Enable Shared Folder Sync service		File Services -> rsync: enable rsync
	DSM 7	Synology Drive ShareSync 2-way Setup Remote NAS Address (Domain name or Quick Connect ID) Username Password Problemes en connectar-se a un DSM 4 amb quickconnect o bé 192.68.x.x o bé diskstation.home: Your Synology Drive Server package version is not up-to-date. Please update your Synology Drive Server package on the remote Synology NAS amb diskstation.local Connection failed. Please check your network settings and ensure Synology Drive Server is enabled and working properly on the remote Synology NAS and try again. (Troubleshoot)	(QuickConnect ID is invalid or Synology Drive Server is not enabled in QuickConnect settings)		Synology Drive Server	How do I sync data between multiple Synology NAS via Synology Drive Server?
	PC	rsync comportament si es fa servir un sol ":" si no s'especifica l'usuari, es farà servir el local, del client l'arrel implícita és la casa de l'usuari si es fan servir dues "::" l'arrel implícita és /volume1/ rsync synologynas.local: dirs in /homes/my_local_user/ rsync synologynas.local:: dirs in /volume1/ rsync synologynas.local:mydir/ rsync synologynas.local::homes/	Enable rsync: Control Panel -> Network Backup -> Enable network backup service "Set your DiskStation as the destination server for Shared Folder Sync, Time Backup, LUN Backup and rsync backup." Setup rsync for users others than admin, root, rsync ssh for users other than admin Control Panel -> Network backup -> Enable network backup service -> Use customised rsync configuration only enables modules defined in /etc/rsyncd.conf (e.g. NetBackup) ssh root@diskstation.local vi /etc/rsyncd.conf `pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock use chroot = no [NetBackup] path = /var/services/NetBackup comment = Network Backup Share uid = root gid = root read only = no list = yes charset = utf-8 auth users = root,rsync,user1 secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets` /etc/rsyncd.secrets		File Services -> rsync: enable rsync enable rsync Account add user to rsync Account
		Synology Drive Client (download)			Synology Drive Server

(old table)		from client	to server	pros/cons
backup from NAS	backup from DSM 4/5 to DSM 6/7 How do I back up data from one Synology NAS to another Synology NAS (based on DSM 4.x and DSM 5.x)?	Backup and restore Backup Destination type: Network backup (Synology server)	enable rsync
	backup from DSM 6/7 to DSM 6/7 How do I back up my data to a remote Synology NAS or file server using Hyper Backup?	Hyper Backup Quick connect is not supported	Hyper Backup ports: 6281 (Remote NAS device) 873 and 22 (rsync) 5005 and 5006 (WebDAV)	cons: Quick Connect not supported
sync from NAS	sync from DSM 4/5 to DSM 4/5	Backup and restore Shared Folder Sync	Network Backup enable network backup service enable shared folder sync service
	sync from DSM 4/5 to DSM 6/7
	sync from DSM 6/7 to DSM 4/5
	sync from DSM 6/7 to DSM 6/7 How do I sync data between multiple Synology NAS via Synology Drive Server?	Synology Drive ShareSync	Synology Drive Server
sync from PC	sync to DSM 4/5
	sync to DSM 6/7	Synology Drive Client	Synology Drive Server

rsync from PC

PC - DSM 7
- NAS: setup rsync for users
  - Control Panel -> File Services -> rsync
    - Enable rsync account
    - Edit rsync Account
      - add your user (password can be different from usual one)
- PC:
  - ...

PC - DSM 4

Backup Linux desktop data using rsync
PC: list of available modules:
- rsync diskstation.local::
- rsync admin@diskstation.local::
how to rsync over ssh as an unprivileged user
Synology: enable ssh user login other than root
Securing SSH

user	rsync	additional steps on Synology (as root)
		create user	/etc/ssh/sshd_config	/etc/passwd
admin	rsync -avvr ... admin@diskstation.local::homes/admin/ rsync -avvr ... admin@diskstation.local::photo	-	-	-
rsync	rsync -avvr ... rsync@diskstation.local::homes/rsync/	x	-	-
user1	rsync -avvr ... user1@diskstation.local:/volume1/homes/user1/	x	AllowUsers = ... user1	/bin/sh

NFS
- from NAS:
  - DSM 4
    - Control Panel -> Shared Folder -> (create or select item) -> Privileges -> NFS Privileges:
    - - Hostname or IP: 192.168.0.0/16
      - Privilege: Read / Write
    - ssh root@diskstation.local
      - exportfs
- from client:
- - DSM 4
    - mount -t nfs -o vers=3 192.168.0.50:/volume1/photo /mnt/photo
    - mount -t nfs 192.168.0.50:/volume1/photo /mnt/photo
    - mount -t nfs 192.168.0.50:/volume1/music /mnt/music
    - mount -t nfs 192.168.0.50:/volume1/homes /mnt/homes
UPnP / DLNA
Packages
- Mertymade
- - http://packages.mertymade.com/
- DVBLogic

http://www.francescpinyol.cat/synology.html
Primera versió: / First version: 29.VII.2021
Darrera modificació: 21 de gener de 2024 / Last update: 21st January 2024

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