Arduino

Index

General

Maquinari / Hardware

Alimentació / Power supply
  • (Locoduino)

  		•

    		Uno
    		 Mega
    		 Nano
    		 Nano Every Pro Mini
    (5V model)
    		 Pro Mini
    (3.3V model)
    input
    		 unregulated
    		 input for onboard regulator
    		 jack 2.1 or "Vin": 7-12V DC jack 2.1 or "Vin": 7-12V DC "VIN" (pin 30): 6-20V "VIN": 7-21V DC "RAW": 7-12V DC "RAW": 7-12V DC
    USB
    		B
    		 B
    		 mini-B
    		 micro-B (from FTDI adapter)
    		 (from FTDI adapter)
    regulated 5V (3.3V in certain models)
    		-
    		 -
    		 "5V" (pin 27): 5V
    		"VCC": 5V
    		 "VCC": 3.3V
    output
    		 5V
    		 output of onboard regulator
    		 "5V"
    		 "5V" "5V" (pin 27): 5V "+5V" "VCC": 5V
    3.3V 50mA
    		 output of onboard regulator "3.3V"
    		 "3.3V" 3.3V (pin 17)
    		 "+3V3"
    		"VCC": 3.3V
    IOREF
    		 voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates
    		 x
    		 "IOREF"
    		 REF (pin 16)


Interfícies / Interfaces

Desenvolupament / Development

  • Getting started with Arduino and Genuino products
  • Arduino software
  • Program
  • Serial monitor (without IDE; or monitoring a second Arduino)
  • IDE
  • Connexió USB / USB connection
    • afegiu el vostre usuari al grup dialout (grup propietari de /dev/ttyUSBxx) / add your user to group dialout (group owner of /dev/ttyUSBxx):
      • sudo usermod -a -G dialout my_user
      • newgrp dialout
    • journalctl -f
      • connecteu la placa / connect your board
      • NodeMCU
        • CH340
          • de gen. 11 18:52:16 localhost kernel: usb 1-2: ch341-uart converter now attached to ttyUSB0
    • lsusb
      • Arduino
        • Nano: ID 0403:6001 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT232 Serial (UART) IC
      • NodeMCU
        • CH340: ID 1a86:7523 QinHeng Electronics HL-340 USB-Serial adapter
  • Arduino IDE
    • Software
    • Instal·lació / Installation
      • 2.x
        • download nighty build arduino-ide_nightly-yyyymmdd_Linux_64bit.AppImage
        • chmod +x arduino-ide_nightly-yyyymmdd_Linux_64bit.AppImage
        • ./arduino-ide_nightly-yyyymmdd_Linux_64bit.AppImage
      • 1.x
      • Problemes / Problems
        • ...
    • Fitxers de configuració
      • 2.x
        • ~/.arduino15/preferences.txt
      • 1.x
        • ...
    • Configuració / Setup
      • 2.x
        • ~/.arduino15/
          • it will be created and populated the first time that IDE is launched
        • ~/.arduinoIDE/
        • ~/.config/
          • Arduino IDE/
          • arduino-ide/
      • boards info File -> Preferences -> Settings -> Additional boards manager URLs: Tools -> Board -> Boards Manager...




        		will install to:
        ~/.arduino15/packages/
        Arduino



        ESP8266 https://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json

        ESP32 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/gh-pages/package_esp32_index.json "esp32 by Espressif Systems" esp32/hardware/esp32/2.0.5/libraries/...
    • Ús / Usage (Arduino IDE 2.x)
      • File
        • Sketchbook (from ~/Arduino/)
        • Examples
          • Built-in Examples
          • Examples for ... (selected board) (from ~/.arduino15/...)
            • Examples for ESP32S3 Dev Module
              • ...
              • WebServer (~/.arduino15/packages/esp32/hardware/esp32/2.0.6/libraries/WebServer/examples/)
              • ...
          • Examples from Custom Libraries (from ~/Arduino/libraries/)
      • Editor
        • ...
      • Verifica
      • ESP32
        • Install board
        • Setup
          • select "ESP32S3 Dev Module"
          • Tools (Arduino IDE Tools Menu)
            • USB CDC On Boot: "Enable"
            • Flash Size: "16MB (128Mb)"
            • Partition Scheme: "Huge APP (3MB No OTA/1MB SPIFFS)"
            • PSRAM: "OPI PSRAM"
        • Install libraries
          • TFT_eSPI you should use TFT_eSPI provided by LilyGO. If you use official library (e.g. version ...) you will get a black screen. IMPORTANT: be careful that official library is not installed as an automatic upgrade.
    • Ús / Usage (Arduino IDE 1.x)
      • Arrencada / Start
        • des de la icona de l'escriptori / from desktop icon
          • prèviament heu d'haver executat install.sh / previous ./install is required
        • from command line
          • arduino (in /usr/local/bin/arduino)
      • Tools
        • Placa: ...
        • Port: /dev/ttyUSB0
      • Preferències / Preferences
        • Temes / Themes
        • Utilitza un editor extern / Use an exteral editor
          • Es pot fer servir qualsevol editor per a editar el fitxer (p.ex. emacs), i l'IDE per a verificar-lo i pujar-lo
      • Editor
        • ...
      • Verifica

        • ...
      • Program
        • Eines -> Informació de la placa
        • Obre (4a icona)
          • Basics -> Blink
          • crearà el codi font:
            • Blink.ino
        • Fitxer -> Sketchbook
          • projectes propis, desats a ~/Arduino/ (es pot canviar a Fitxer->Preferències->Ubicació del Sketchbook)
        • Esbós -> Verifica/Compila
          • crearà
            • Blink.ino.hex
            • ...
        • Esbós -> Puja
          • Problemes / Problems
            • PORTS {} / {} => {}
              Couldn't find a Board on the selected port. Check that you have the correct port selected.  If it is correct, try pressing the board's reset button after initiating the upload.
              • Solució / Solution
                • Segurament es tracta d'una placa ATmega32u4 (Micro, Leonardo)
                • Mentre apareixen les línies «PORTS {} / {} => {}», premeu dues vegades ràpidament el botó físic de la placa
                • ...
            • avrdude: jtagmkII_getsync(): sign-on command: status -1
              • Workaround
                • pugeu blink. Us apareixerà el missatge «Cannot locate "flash" and "boot" memories in description», però haurà funcionat
                • ara torneu a pujar l'esbós que voleu pujar
            • avrdude: jtagmkII_initialize(): Cannot locate "flash" and "boot" memories in description
              • Només és un avís que es pot ignorar / Just a warning. Can be safely ignored.
    • Problemes / Problems
      • ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'serial'
        • Solució / Solution
          • sudo dnf install python3-serial
  • Command line
    • arduino-cli
    • arduino-1.8.5/hardware/tools/avr/bin
    • See detailed logs when using Upload button on Arduino IDE:
      • /disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/arduino-builder \
        -compile \
        -logger=machine \
        -hardware /disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/hardware \
        -tools /disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/tools-builder \
        -tools /disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/hardware/tools/avr \
        -built-in-libraries /disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/libraries \
        -libraries /home/cesc/Arduino/libraries \
        -fqbn=arduino:avr:micro \
        -vid-pid=0X2341_0X8037 \
        -ide-version=10805 \
        -build-path /tmp/arduino_build_595924 \
        -warnings=all \
        -build-cache /tmp/arduino_cache_334524 \
        -prefs=build.warn_data_percentage=75 \
        -prefs=runtime.tools.arduinoOTA.path=/disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/hardware/tools/avr \
        -prefs=runtime.tools.avrdude.path=/disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/hardware/tools/avr \
        -prefs=runtime.tools.avr-gcc.path=/disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/hardware/tools/avr \
        -verbose \
        /disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/examples/01.Basics/Blink/Blink.ino
      • /disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude \
        -C/disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.5/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf \
        -v \
        -patmega32u4 \
        -cavr109 \
        -P/dev/ttyACM0 \
        -b57600 \
        -D \
        -Uflash:w:/tmp/arduino_build_595924/Blink.ino.hex:i
    • Compile (.ino -> .hex) using arduino-builder:
      • arduino-builder ...
    • Upload (.hex file) to Arduino using avrdude:
      • AVR Tutorial: Starting out with avrdude
      • export ARDUINO_ROOT=/disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.13 avrdude -C${ARDUINO_ROOT}/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf -v -patmega32u4 -cavr109 -P/dev/ttyACM0 -b57600 -D -Uflash:w:/tmp/arduino_build_595924/Blink.ino.hex:i
      • Problemes / Problems
        • avrdude: butterfly_recv(): programmer is not responding
          • Solució / Solution
              • desconnecteu el cable USB; torneu a connectar-lo
              • opció 1 (all software):
                • export ARDUINO_ROOT=/disc/Baixades/arduino-1.8.13 stty -F /dev/ttyACM0 1200 && sleep 1 && ${ARDUINO_ROOT}/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude -C${ARDUINO_ROOT}/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf -v -patmega32u4 -cavr109 -P/dev/ttyACM0 -b57600 -D -Uflash:w:/tmp/arduino_build_979439/Blink.ino.hex:i
              • opció 2 (hardware + software):
                1. premeu ràpidament dues vegades el botó físic de reset de la placa: la placa es posarà en mode bootloader (led de la placa en parpelleig ràpid) durant uns 8 segons; durant aquest temps executeu el pas número 2 / quick double press the physical hardware reset button: th board will be in bootloader mode (quick flash of board led) for about 8 seconds; inside this period of time, perform the step number 2
                  • si durant aquests 8 segons feu lsusb
                    • ID 2a03:0037 dog hunter AG Arduino Micro (bootloader)
                2. ${ARDUINO_ROOT}/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude -C${ARDUINO_ROOT}/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf -v -patmega32u4 -cavr109 -P/dev/ttyACM0 -b57600 -D -Uflash:w:/tmp/arduino_build_979439/Blink.ino.hex:i
  • Biblioteques / Libraries
  • Exemples / Examples
    • Starter kit
    • The Arduino playground
    • Tutorials
      • Foundations and More
        • Introduction
          • Language Reference



            Functions Digital I/O
            Analog I/O
            • analogRead()
            • analogReference()
            • analogWrite()
            Zero, Due & MKR Family
            • analogReadResolution()
            • analogWriteResolution()
            Advanced I/O
            • noTone()
            • pulseIn()
            • pulseInLong()
            • shiftIn()
            • shiftOut()
            • tone()
              • square wave
            Time
            • delay(ms)
            • delayMicroseconds()
            • micros()
              • overflow every 70 minutes
            • millis()
              • overflow every 50 days
            Math
            • abs(x)
            • constrain(x, a, b)
            • map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)
            • max(x, y)
            • min(x, y)
            • pow(base, exponent)
            • sq(x)
            • sqrt(x)
            Trigonometry
            • cos(rad)
            • sin(rad)
            • tan(rad)
            Characters
            • isAlpha()
            • isAlphaNumeric()
            • isAscii()
            • isControl()
            • isDigit()
            • isGraph()
            • isHexadecimalDigit()
            • ilLowerCase()
            • isPrintable()
            • isPunct()
            • isSpace()
            • isUpperCase()
            • isWhiteSpace()
            Random Numbers
            • random()
            • randomSeed()
            Bits and Bytes
            • bit()
            • bitClear()
            • bitRead()
            • bitSet()
            • bitWrite()
            • highByte()
            • lowByte()
            External Interrupts
            • attachInterrupt()
            • detachInterrupt()
            Interrupts
            • interrupts()
            • noInterrupts()
            Communication
            • Serial
              • if(Serial), ..., print(), println(), write(), ...
            • SPI
            • Stream
              • available(), read(), flush(), ...
            • Wire (I2C: SDA, SCL)
              • #include <Wire.h>
              • begin(), end(), ...
            USB
            • Keyboard
            • Mouse
            Variables Constants
            • HIGH | LOW
            • INPUT | OUTPUT | INPUT_PULLUP
            • LED_BUILTIN
              • usually: pin 13
            • true | false
            • Integer Constants
              • n = 101; // decimal
              • n = 0b101; // binary
              • n = 0101; // octal
              • n = 0x101; // hexadecimal
              • n = 33u; // unsigned
              • n = 100000L; // long
              • n = 32767ul; // unsigned long
            • Floating Point Constants
              • float n = 0.005
            Conversion
            • (insigned int)
            • (unsigned long)
            • byte()
            • char()
            • float()
            • int()
            • long()
            • word()
            Data Types
            • array
            • bool
            • boolean
            • byte
            • char
            • double
            • float
            • int
            • long
            • short
            • size_t
            • string
            • String()
              • String stringOne = "Hello String";
              • String stringOne = String(255, BIN)
              • ...
              • Functions
                • charAt(), compareTo(), ...
              • Operators
                • [], +, ==, ...
            • unsigned char
            • unsigned int
            • unsigned long
            • void
            Variable Scope & Qualifiers
            • const
              • cannot be modified
            • scope
            • static
              • visible to only one function
              • persist between function calls
            • volatile
              • load the variable from RAM instead of storage register
            Utilities
            • PROGMEM
              • store data in flash (program) memory instead of SRAM
              • Arduino Memory Guide
              • F() macro
                • Serial.print(F("Write something on the Serial Monitor that is stored in FLASH"));
            • sizeof()
            Structure Sketch (C++)
            • setup()
              • run once
            • loop()
            Control Structure
            • break
            • continue
            • do...while
            • else
            • for (initialisation; condition; increment)
            • goto
            • if
            • return
            • switch...case
            • while
            Furher Syntax
            • #define
            • #include
              • #include <LibraryFile.h>
                • AVR C libraries: avr-libc
                • other installed libraries
              • #include "LocalFile.h"
                • files in the sketch folder
            • /**/
            • //
            • ;
            • {}
            Arithmetic Operations
            • % (remainder)
            • *
            • +
            • -
            • /
            • =
            Comparison Operators
            • !=
            • <
            • <=
            • ==
            • >
            • >=
            Boolean Operators
            • !
            • &&
            • ||
            Pointer Access Operators
            • & (the address of ...)
            • * (the value of address ...)
            Bitwise Operators
            • & (AND)
            • << (left shift)
            • >> (right shift)
            • ^ (XOR)
            • | (OR)
            • ~ (NOT)
            Compound Operators
            • %=
            • &=
            • *=
            • ++
              • x++; // increment x by one and returns the old value of x
              • ++x; // increment x by one and returns the new value of x
            • +=
            • --
              • x--; // decrement x by one and returns the old value of x
              • --x; // decrement x by one and returns the new value of x
            • -=
            • /=
            • ^=
            • |=
      • Built-In Examples
      • Examples from Libraries
      • Tutorials on Arduino Project Hub
    • Tutoriales y proyectos con Arduino (Naylamp)
    • Pantalles / Screens
      • LCD IIC (LCM1602)
      • Adafruit (Pantalla OLED 1.3' SH1106 128x64)
        • u8g2
          • Hardware SPI (use specific connections: D13-SCLK--CLK, D11-MOSI--MOSI)
            • U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_1_4W_HW_SPI(rotation, cs, dc [, reset])
            • U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_2_4W_HW_SPI(rotation, cs, dc [, reset])
            • U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_F_4W_HW_SPI(rotation, cs, dc [, reset])
          • Software SPI (use specified pins: clock, data)
            • U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_1_4W_SW_SPI(rotation, clock, data, cs, dc [, reset])
            • U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_2_4W_SW_SPI(rotation, clock, data, cs, dc [, reset])
            • U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_F_4W_SW_SPI(rotation, clock, data, cs, dc [, reset])
          • Modes
            • mode
              		 pros
              		 cons
              		 constructor
              		 example
              page buffer (picture loop)
              • all graphics
              • llittle RAM
              • slow
              		 1
              		 void setup(void) {
                u8g2.begin();
              }

              void loop(void) {
                u8g2.firstPage();
                do {
                  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_ncenB14_tr);
                  u8g2.drawStr(0,24,"Hello World!");
                } while ( u8g2.nextPage() );
              }
              u8x8 character
              • fast
              • no RAM
              • no graphics
              • no all displays
              		2
              		 void setup(void) {
                u8x8.begin();
              }

              void loop(void) {
                u8x8.setFont(u8x8_font_chroma48medium8_r);
                u8x8.drawString(0,1,"Hello World!");
              }
              full buffer
              • fast
              • all graphics
              • lot of RAM
              		F
              		 void setup(void) {
                u8g2.begin();
              }

              void loop(void) {
                u8g2.clearBuffer();
                u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_ncenB14_tr);
                u8g2.drawStr(0,20,"Hello World!");
                u8g2.sendBuffer();
              }
          • Example
            • Connections (4W_HW_SPI)
              • OLED
                		 Arduino
                GND
                		 GND
                VCC
                		 5V
                CLK
                		 D13
                MOSI
                		 D11
                RES
                		 D8
                DC
                		 D9
                CS
                		 D10
            • IDE: Examples / U8g2
              • uncomment:
                • U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_F_4W_HW_SPI u8g2(U8G2_R0, /* cs=*/ 10, /* dc=*/ 9, /* reset=*/ 8);
            • Basic program
              • #include <Arduino.h>
                #include <U8g2lib.h>
                #include <SPI.h>
                #include <Wire.h>

                // free choice
                #define PIN_CS 10
                #define PIN_DC 9
                #define PIN_RESET 8

                // HW => CLK=D13, MOSI=D11
                U8G2_SH1106_128X64_NONAME_F_4W_HW_SPI u8g2(U8G2_R0, PIN_CS, PIN_DC, PIN_RESET);

                void setup(void) {
                  u8g2.begin();
                }

                void loop(void) {
                  u8g2.clearBuffer();
                  u8g2.setFont(u8g2_font_ncenB14_tr);
                  u8g2.drawStr(0,20,"Bon dia!");
                  u8g2.drawCircle(20, 40, 10);
                  u8g2.sendBuffer();
                }
            • Interfacing & displaying a custom graphic on an 0.96″ I2C OLED with Arduino
        • u8glib

Projectes / Projects

ESP

Mòduls / Modules
...
família tipus model interfície /
interface		 biblioteques / libraries projectes
entrada sensor distància HC-SR04



sensor de moviment PIR HC-SR501



sensor de temperatura AM2302 (DHT22)

acceleròmetre MMA7361



ECG AD8232



rellotge RTC DS3231



rotary encoder Octopus OBEncoder


sortida relé 5v



motors L298N


pantalla LCD 16x2 LCM1602 IIC V1 I2C

OLED 1.3" SSH1106 (128x64) SPI
comunicació bluetooth HC-06


http://www.francescpinyol.cat/arduino.html
Primera versió: / First version: 29.XII.2017
Darrera modificació: 23 de maig de 2023 / Last update: 23rd May 2023

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